Cellulose was modified by polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via free radical and living radical polymerization, and then cellulose was used as the matrix in the preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposite, through a solution intercalation method. For this purpose, first, the graft polymerization of styrene (St) onto cellulose fibers was performed by using suspension polymerization and ...

The method of neural grafting is considered to be a very promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of certain neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease. During the last 15 years, clinical transplantation studies have been carried out worldwide in several hundreds of patients with Parkinson's disease. In these studies, primarily fetal mesencephalic ti...

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived dopamine neurons are currently moving toward clinical use for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the timing and extent at which stem cell-derived neurons functionally integrate into existing host neural circuitry after transplantation remain largely unknown. In this study, we use modified rabies virus to trace afferent and efferent connectivity of transp...

It is hoped that stem cell biology will play a major role in the treatment of a number of so far incurable diseases via transplantation therapy. Today, we know that neural stem cell grafts not only represent a valuable source of missing cells and molecules for the host nervous system, but they also bring with them biological principles and processes assuring tissue plasticity and homeostasis fo...

1. Furukawa H, Saito A, Mol W, Sekido M, Sasaki S, Yamamoto Y. Double innervation occurs in the facial mimetic muscles after facial-hypoglossal end-to-side neural repair: rat model for neural supercharge concept. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(3):257–64. 2. Terzis JK, Wang W, Zhao Y. Effect of axonal load on the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the cross-facial nerve graft procedure...

The neural crest (NC) is a transient dorsal neural tube cell population that undergoes an epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT) at the end of neurulation, migrates extensively towards various organs, and differentiates into many types of derivatives (neurons, glia, cartilage and bone, pigmented and endocrine cells). In this protocol, we describe how to dissect the premigratory cranial NC fr...

objective: to assess the effect of combination of pulsed electromagnetic fields (pemf) with predatory stress on transected sciatic nerve regeneration in rats.  methods: in sham- operated group (sog) the nerve was manipulated and left intact. the 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap was created in rats. in transected group (transected) nerve stumps were sutured to adjacent muscle and in vein graft group ...

conclusions in our patients, the ra grafts had an acceptable patency rate in 2 to 5 years’ follow-up. although the sv grafts had a relatively higher patency rate than ra grafts in our asymptomatic patients, the patency rates in ra and sv grafts were close to each other. the ra graft function was poor in the patients with a higher number of risk factors and in the females. background patency of ...

introduction epithelial rejection typically begins in a linear pattern from the periphery of the graft and progresses centripetally. here in, we reported a patient with a new presentation of corneal epithelial graft rejection. case presentation a 23-year-old man presented with blurred vision two months after penetrating keratoplasty. conclusions slit lamp examination revealed sharply demarcated...

although various techniques have been described for treatment of severe nose deformities, these problems have high revision rates.  conventional nasal septal surgery may not be adequate for all cases. a 21-year-old male patient with nose deformity underwent a nasal surgery. patient had both functional and aesthetic nasal problems. rigid fibular bone graft was used for corrective nasal surgery. ...