Focal stroke is a disabling disease with lifelong sensory, motor and cognitive impairments. Given the paucity of effective clinical treatments, basic scientists are developing novel options for protection of the affected brain and regeneration of lost tissue. Tissue bioengineering and stem/progenitor cell treatments have both been individually pursued for stroke neural repair therapies, with so...

The neural crest is a multipotent stem cell population that arises from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube and generates both non-ectomesenchymal (melanocytes, peripheral neurons and glia) and ectomesenchymal (skeletogenic, odontogenic, cartilaginous and connective tissue) derivatives. In amniotes, only cranial neural crest generates both classes, with trunk neural crest restricted to non-ect...

or more than 25 years, investigators from APL and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine have collaborated on research aimed at understanding the neural mechanisms of pain sensation. This research is based on correlating results from studies of pain sensations in humans with results from studies of neural activity in anesthetized animals. One aspect of pain that has clinical importance is hyperal...

n of neural tissue involves the to tissue via electrodes. The ionic current takes place tissue interface by electrochemical a charge-balanced biphasic current mall amount of charge immediately following f the slow kinetics of the that store charge on the o methods of charge neural prostheses: i) ; ii) electrode shorting [2]. between the stimulator and any long-term residual charge. significant ...

The use of cells as building materials provides a powerful tool to the fields of both regenerative medicine as a broad aspect and in particular to tissue engineering, with the potential to deliver a tremendous amount of information both in vivo as cellbased therapies and/or in vitro as cell models. Combining cells with specialized biomaterials, suitable biochemical growth/ differentiation facto...

Bidomain models have most commonly used to simulate cardiac tissue. They have only infrequently been used to model neural tissue as they are often computationally intensive and other modeling techniques such as the core conductor model are more appropriate for studying phenomena such as propagation in neural systems. A bidomain model of an aplysia abdominal ganglion was created using COMSOL Mul...

Traumatic injury to the central nervous system triggers cell death and deafferentation, which may activate a cascade of cellular and network disturbances. These events often result in the formation of irregularly shaped lesions comprised of necrotic tissue and/or a fluid-filled cavity. Tissue engineering represents a promising treatment strategy for the injured neural tissue. To facilitate mini...

A new combination of tissue engineering techniques provides a simple and effective method for building aligned cellular biomaterials. Self-alignment of Schwann cells within a tethered type-1 collagen matrix, followed by removal of interstitial fluid produces a stable tissue-like biomaterial that recreates the aligned cellular and extracellular matrix architecture associated with nerve grafts. S...

The use of cells as building materials provides a powerful tool to the fields of both regenerative medicine as a broad aspect and in particular to tissue engineering, with the potential to deliver a tremendous amount of information both in vivo as cellbased therapies and/or in vitro as cell models. Combining cells with specialized biomaterials, suitable biochemical growth/ differentiation facto...