The recent interest in the valuation of tax benefits from debt arises from the disagreement in the existing literature about the meaning of “value of tax shields.” Although it is accepted that the value of a firm increases as effect of the tax deductibility of interest, the correct valuation of this extra-value is controversial. In this paper we adopt a risk-neutral approach to derive a general...

This article examines arbitrage investment in a mispriced asset when the mispricing follows the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and a credit-constrained investor maximizes a generalization of the Kelly criterion. The optimal differentiable and threshold policies are derived. The optimal differentiable policy is linear with respect to mispricing and risk-free in the long run. The optimal threshold po...

We present in this paper the security features of Think, an object-oriented architecture dedicated to build customized operating system kernels. The Think architecture is composed of an objectoriented software framework including a trader, and a library of system abstractions programmed as components. We show how to use this architecture to build secure and efficient kernels. Policy-neutral sec...

BACKGROUND Policy dialogue can be defined as an iterative process that involves a broad range of stakeholders discussing a particular issue with a concrete purpose in mind. Policy dialogue in health is increasingly being recognised by health stakeholders in developing countries, as an important process or mechanism for improving collaboration and harmonization in health and for developing compr...

Recently, the technology of mid-air gestures for manipulating 3D digital contents has become an important research issue. In order to conform to the needs of users and contexts, eliciting user-defined gestures is inevitable. However, it was reported that user-defined hand gestures tended to vary significantly in posture, motion and speed, making it difficult to identify common characteristics. ...

Back pain in children and adolescents is quite common, so developing preventive strategies for back pain is highly desirable. This article describes a planned school-based postural education project (PoSE) to promote healthy behaviors among middle school students and their families and to moderate postural diseases. As first s tep, we e valuated w hich a spects o f p ostural b ehaviors were i n...

al3+-potentiometric sensor, based on (2z) -methyl 2- ((z) (p-tolylimino)-3-ethyl -4-oxothiazolidin -5- ylidene) acetate (mteoy) as a neutral ionophore, was successfully developed for the detectionof al3+ in aqueous solutions. the electrode responds to al3+ ion with a sensitivity of 19.8 ± 0.1 mv/decade over the range 1.0 x 10-8- 1.0 x 10-1 mol lt' and in a ph range of 3.0-9.0. the electrodeshow...

background: diabetes and hypertension are important non-communicable diseases and their prevalence is important for health authorities. the aim of this study was to determine the predictive precision of the bivariate logistic regression (lr) and artificial neutral network (ann) in concurrent diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed with 12000 ira...

BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials have shown the 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to be highly effective against types 31/33/45/52/58 compared with the 4-valent. Evidence on the added health and economic benefit of the 9-valent is required for policy decisions. We compare population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 9- and 4-valent HPV vaccination in the United States...