Space is an area characterized by geopolitical positioning the past seven decades. Over that time, agencies and institutions have developed, charged with task of ensuring safe usage exploration orbits. In United States, NASA synonymous space travel, in Europe there European Agency conjunction Union state actors all funded at a lower level than fewer responsibilities. this paper, we ask why thes...

The relationship between economics and sub-regionalism remains relatively unexplored, particularly in the Asia-Pacific context. This article seeks to broaden comprehension of various dimensions this relationship. One focuses is understand circumstances which sub-regional institutions have come be defined as components economic development Southeast Asia. Another develop a more nuanced approach ...

The emergence of discursive institutionalism as a fourth institutionalism in political science was predicated on the success ideational scholars enjoyed in arguing that 'ideas matter' (Schmidt 2008). To defend the emphasis on ideas as an explanatory factor in political analysis, the first generations of ideational scholarship took pains to demonstrate and theorize that indeed ideas do matter, a...

As part of the broader intellectual movement throughout social sciences that is centered on new institutionalism, institution-based view has emerged as a leading perspective in strategic management literature. This article (1) traces emergence view, (2) reviews its growth last two decades, and (3) responds to three major criticisms. We also identify four promising research directions—deglobaliz...

nowadays, planning is no longer considered merely a scientific and technical career nor agovernment responsibity. it rather functions as a bridge connecting the planners to institutional changes. in otherwords, the planning theory does not develop in a social, economic and political vacuum, but is formulated byindividuals in social situations with the aim of clarifying the enviroment recommendi...

Last year the U.S. Senate overwhelmingly approved the expansion of the Atlantic alliance. Whereas some advocates of enlarging NATO, particularly Eastern European leaders for whom the Soviets’ iron grip is an all too recent memory, stress the extension of the alliance’s traditional deterrent function, others acknowledge that Russia is in no position to reconquer its former empire. Rather, they a...