Preterm birth (PTB) is a serious problem, with .450 000 neonates born prematurely in the United States every year. Beginning in 1980, the United States experienced a nearly 3-decade rise in the PTB rate, peaking in 2006 at 12.8%. PTB has declined for 7 consecutive years to 11.4% in 2013, but it still accounts for 1 in 9 neonates born every year. In addition to elevated neonatal and infant morta...

To evaluate the perinatal outcome of premature babies according to the mode of delivery. A total of 113 pregnant women and 124 neonates who delivered from 30 to 35 weeks of gestation were enrolled and outcomes of 70 neonates born vaginally were compared to 54 neonates born by caesarean. Neonatal mortality rate was 20 percent for infants in caesarean group as compared to 10 percent for vaginal g...

Over 300,000 infants are born annually with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in sub-Saharan Africa, and >50% die young from infection or anemia, usually without diagnosis of SCA. Early identification by newborn screening (NBS), followed by simple interventions dramatically reduced the mortality of SCA in the United States, but this strategy is not yet established in Africa. We designed and implemented ...

The aim of the study was to analyze the profile of mothers and newborns who died in the early and late neonatal period. Descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional study that used secondary data obtained from the information systems of mortality, births and hospital records of mothers living in Cuiabá, who gave birth in 2010. We studied 77 deaths, of which 72.7% occurred in the early neonatal peri...

BACKGROUND Ending preventable newborn deaths is a global health priority, but efforts to improve coverage of maternal and newborn care have not yielded expected gains in infant survival in many settings. One possible explanation is poor quality of clinical care. We assess facility quality and estimate the association of facility quality with neonatal mortality in Malawi. METHODS AND FINDINGS ...

BACKGROUND A high twinning rate and an increased risk of mortality among twins contribute to the high burden of infant mortality in Africa. This study examined the contribution of twins to neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in The Gambia, and evaluated factors that contribute to the excess mortality among twins. METHODS We analysed data from the Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance Sys...

BACKGROUND Postpartum maternal and infant mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa and improving postpartum care as a strategy to enhance maternal and infant health has been neglected. We describe the design and selection of suitable, context-specific interventions that have the potential to improve postpartum care. METHODS The study is implemented in rural districts in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ma...

BACKGROUND Peru has made great improvements in reducing stunting and child mortality in the past decade, and has reached the Millennium Development Goals 1 and 4. The remaining challenges or missed opportunities for child survival needs to be identified and quantified, in order to guide the next steps to further improve child survival in Peru. METHODS We used the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) to pr...

Powdered infant formulas (PIF) are usually not sterile and may frequently be contaminated by several bacteria strains. Among them, Cronobacter species, previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is one of the most harmful, since it might be the causative agent of sepsis and meningitis in newborns and preterm infants during the first weeks of life. The mortality rate of these infections is up t...

BACKGROUND Each year, more than 200 million children under the age of 5 years, almost all in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), fail to achieve their developmental potential. Risk factors for compromised development often coexist and include inadequate cognitive stimulation, poverty, nutritional deficiencies, infection and complications of being born low birthweight and/or premature. Mor...