Cleaner wrasses are a model for the study of animal cooperation. Prospective clients can observe whether the cleaner works faithfully, and cleaners being watched remove just parasites while those that are not, nip the client for a tastier snack.

Until the mid-twentieth century, immunology had been very much a matter of soluble antibodies and their effect on the antigens of bacteria and viruses. Then, in the wartime and post-war years, a new area opened, of cell-mediated immunity, driven initially by interest in the ubiquitous rejection of homografts in man and animals. Experimental tolerance was a key discovery, that introducing donor-...

Abstract We use deep learning (DL) algorithms for the phenomenological classification of Saffman-Taylor-instability-driven spontaneous pattern formation at liquid meniscus in fluid splitting a gravure printing press. The DL are applied to high-speed video recordings process between rotating cylinder and co-moving planar target substrate. Depending on rotation velocity or raster engraved cylinde...