In chili pepper's pods, placental tissue is responsible for the synthesis of capsaicinoids (CAPs), the compounds behind their typical hot flavor or pungency, which are synthesized from phenylalanine and branched amino acids. Placental tissue sections from Habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were immobilized in a calcium alginate matrix and cultured in vitro, either continuously for 28 da...

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A comparative study was carried out on the dynamics of lipid accumulation in developing seeds of three lupine species. Lupine seeds differ in lipid content; yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) seeds contain about 6%, white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) 7-14%, and Andean lupine (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) about 20% of lipids by dry mass. Cotyledons from developing seeds were isolated and cultured in vit...

It was previously reported that three soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) nodulation mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7) were partially tolerant to nitrate when nitrate was supplied simultaneously with inoculation at the time of transplanting. The current study evaluated the effect of short-term nitrate treatment on nitrogenase activity (C(2)H(2) reduction per plant and per nodule weight) and on ...

The mechanism of nitrate reductase (NR) regulation under long-term anoxia in roots of whole plants and the putative role of nitrate in anoxia tolerance have been addressed. NR activity in tomato roots increased significantly after 24 h of anaerobiosis and increased further by 48 h, with a concomitant release of nitrite into the culture medium. Anoxia promoted NR activation through dissociation ...

The movement of guard cells in stomatal complexes controls water loss and CO(2) uptake in plants. Examination of the dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) revealed that it is expressed and functions in Arabidopsis guard cells. CHL1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase and CHL1 promoter-green fluorescent protein constructs showed strong expression in guard cells, and immunolocalization e...

Nitrate is a major nitrogen resource for cereal crops; thus, understanding nitrate signaling in cereal crops is valuable for engineering crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency. Although several regulators have been identified in nitrate sensing and signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the equivalent information in cereals is missing. Here, we isolated a nitrate-inducible and ce...

nitrate is an essential component for plants and vegetables are of the most important source of nitrate for human being. it is estimated that vegetables provide 92 % of nitrate for human nutrition. the positive and negative effects of elevated root zone co2 on growth and yield of some plants have been reported. this study has been conducted in order to examine the effect of root zone co2 on gro...

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an important role in regulating cell growth and transformation. We report that the antitumor agent gallium nitrate is a potent inhibitor (concentration producing 50% inhibition, 2-6 microM) of detergent-solubilized cellular membrane PTPase from Jurkat human T-cell leukemia cells and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. This is the first report of a select...

Since the first demonstrations of the herbicidal action of 2,4-D, many possible mechanisms for the toxicity have been proposed. These include changed respiratory metabolism, abnormal cellular proliferation, and interference in nucleotide metabolism. It has further been recorded that nitrate metabolism is altered in response to applied 2,4-D. In many broad leaved weed species (14, 5) and in the ...