Background: Sorafenib is a standard drug used for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma but often resistant and toxic. Its combination with epigallo-3-catechin gallate leads to reduced resistance toxicity an equally effective anti-angiogenic effect.Therefore, this study aims assess the effect of standard-dose compared low-dose gallate. <ns3...

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which plays an essential role in regulating bile acid, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. Both male and female FXR(-/-) mice spontaneously developed liver tumors; however, no other tumors were developed after 15 months of age. In contrast, no liver tumors were observed in wild-type mice of the same age. Hist...

We report here on strain BTC, a new Escherichia coli mutagenicity tester strain for the expression of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) with an enhanced sensitivity for the detection of alkylating agents. This strain was developed first through knocking out of the genes ada and ogt in our previously developed strain BMX100, resulting in PD1000. Strain PD1000 demonstrated a significantly higher detect...

A method has been developed for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in drinking water and treated municipal effluent. The method uses solid phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography (GC) and analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) with electron ionization (EI). The target compounds are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethyethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine NDEA), N-nit...

Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the modulatory role of lycopene enriched tomato extract (LycT) during initiation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Female Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups: control, NDEA (200 mg NDEA/kg b.wt, cumulative dose), LycT (5 mg/kg b.wt, thrice a week) and LycT + NDEA. LycT administration was commenced 2 ...

B6C3F1 mice were treated per os with either normal saline or Af-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg body weight) daily for 21 days. On day 22 of the experiment, the animals were whole-body γ-irradiated (10 Gy) and examined at 3.5 days post-radiation exposure. Pretreatment of mice with NDEA at the lowest dosage (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive subst...

Orange peel oil is used extensively as an approved flavour enhancer in fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and as a scenting agent in soaps and cosmetics. Limonene, which is a monocyclic monoterpene is present in orange peel oil from 90 to 95% (w/w). Monoterpenes have been shown to be very effective chemopreventive agents against several rodent tumors and are currently in clinical trials. Howeve...

Genotoxic effects of xenobiotics are a possible step in tumor initiation in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Using the comet assay, detecting genotoxicity in human tissue has been restricted to single incubations in vitro, but in vivo most xenobiotics harm their target in a repetitive or chronic manner. Therefore, we propose a model, which provides repetitive incubations in human up...

BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of garlic extract and silymarin on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Animals were pretreated with garlic, silymarin or both for one week prior to the injection of NDEA. Then animals received a single injection of NDE...

The expression of endogenous retroviral sequences and of three cellular oncogenes was examined in three hepatocellular adenomas and in four carcinomas induced in male C57BL/6JDp X C3Hf/Dp F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) mice by a single dose of nitrosodiethylamine, in five carcinomas that arose spontaneously in male C3Hf mice, and in the livers of normal age-matched control mice. In all of these a...