Cyanine–aryl acetylene conjugates (pink) accumulate in the mitochondria of cancer cells, where elevated pH and reactive oxygen species (white) levels allow formation thiyl radicals (yellow glowing pin first arrow) from thiols (dark yellow pin). The activation enables radical thiol-yne coupling biomolecules to dye–alkyne conjugate (second arrow). This represents a powerful tool for selective tar...

Prions are self-propagating protein conformations. Recent research brought insight into prion propagation, but how they first appear is unknown. We previously established that the yeast non-Mendelian trait [PIN(+)] is required for the de novo appearance of the [PSI(+)] prion. Here, we show that the presence of prions formed by Rnq1 or Ure2 is sufficient to make cells [PIN(+)]. Thus, [PIN(+)] ca...

Urine-based liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive and effective tool for early screening diagnosis of bladder cancer. This review provides comprehensive overview the current urine-based biomarkers methods detection monitoring We focus on including tumour DNAs, proteins, microbiome, RNAs, long non-coding transfer RNA-derived fragments, messenger microRNAs, circular exosomes extrachromosoma...

Following the recent analysis of Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg [10], we study the equilibrium structure of cities. By adopting a different (monetary) specification of commuting costs, we are able to prove the existence of equilibrium in more general situations: non-circular cities, or multi-sectorial production. The main mathematical tool in this paper is the use of optimal transportation theory. Th...

Circular polarization spectroscopy has proven to be an indispensable tool in photosynthesis research and (bio)-molecular research in general. Oxygenic photosystems typically display an asymmetric Cotton effect around the chlorophyll absorbance maximum with a signal ≤ 1%. In vegetation, these signals are the direct result of the chirality of the supramolecular aggregates. The circular polarizati...

Telecommuting has achieved recognition in several states and foreign countries as a means to reduce trip-making during the peak period. Evidence to date suggests that telecommuting can effectively eliminate commute trips without creating new travel. If true, telecommuting holds vast potential to mitigate urban traffic congestion. Decreased network fuel consumption and improved air quality are t...

The ability to discriminate minute deviations from circularity is dependent upon global summation mechanisms integrating information along entire contours. The aim of this study was to determine how the strength of global summation depends on various stimulus features. To determine if the strength of global summation differs between shapes, contour discrimination for various contour shapes, gen...