Substitution boxes are important parts in many block and stream ciphers. The emergence of a range of crypto-attacks has led to the development of criteria for repelling such attacks. The non-linearity criterion provides some protection against wellknown attacks, such as linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The open problem is constructed by generating methods which will be rapid...

A Monte Carlo model based on signal-dependent charge sharing mechanism during charge collection has been developed to explain the non-linearity of the Photon Transfer Curve (PTC) in image sensors. The model is based on tracing of individual electrons generated by Poisson-distributed photons and describes the PTC non-linearity as a process with subPoisson variance, with excellent qualitative agr...

The topographic electroretinogram evoked by multi-focal exchange of black and white or red and green stimuli was analysed into linear and non-linear Wiener kernels. The first-order (temporally linear) response showed a biphasic waveform which inverted as the luminance ratio of the exchanged colours passed through unity (established both psychophysically and photometrically). A short latency non...

Nineteen classical superintegrable systems in two-dimensional non-Euclidean spaces are shown to possess hidden symmetries leading their linearization. They the two Perlick [A. Ballesteros, A. Enciso, F.J. Herranz and O. Ragnisco, Class. Quantum Grav. 25, 165005 (2008)], Taub-NUT system Herranz, D. Riglioni, SIGMA 7, 048 (2011)], all seventeen for four types of Darboux as determined [E.G. Kalnin...

Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensors are used in engineering applications due to their finegrained measurements. However, these sensors exhibit non-linear input-output characteristics, which decrease the reliability of the sensing system. The contribution of this article is three-fold. First, it provides an experimental study of the non-linearity problem of the LVDT. Second, ...