This study considers pricing, production and transportation decisions in a Stackelberg game between three-stage, multi-product, multi-source and single-period supply chains called leader and follower. These chains consist of; manufacturers, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers. Competition type is horizontal and SC vs. SC. The retailers in two chains try to maximize their profit through pri...

parameter estimation is an important task in the modeling, classification, and detection of radar clutters. radar clutters have stochastic characteristics. therefore, statistical distributions are usually used to describe the features of clutters better. k distribution is one of the most common models utilized to the simulation of clutters. this distribution, which consists of scale and shape p...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we present a novel approach for image selective smoothing by the evolution of two paired nonlinear‎ ‎partial differential equations‎. ‎the distribution coefficient in de-noising equation controls the speed of distribution‎, ‎and is‎ ‎determined by the edge-strength function‎. ‎in the previous works‎, ‎the edge-strength function depends on isotropic‎ ‎smoothing of the image‎, ‎...

This paper presents the aerodynamic design and economical evaluation of a 200 kW site specific wind turbine for the province of Semnan in Iran. By designing site specific wind turbines, the cost of energy which is calculated out of the annual energy production and also the cost of manufacturing the rotor are minimized. The aerodynamic design is based on the well-known blade element momentum...

A model of kinetic effects in Langmuir wave dynamics is presented using a nonlinear distribution function that includes particle separatrix crossing and self-consistent electrostatic evolution. This model is based on the adiabatic motion of electrons in the wave to describe Bernstein–Greene– Kruskal-like Langmuir waves over a wide range of temperatures 0.1 k D 0.4 . The asymptotic distribution ...

The base isolation systems are among the passive control devices that have been used over the last three decades to limit the seismic-induced response of structures. In this regard, the Uniform Building Code provisions (UBC) has incorporated a special section for the seismic design of base isolated structures since its 1991 edition. Due to the importance of the behavior of these structures unde...

Even if numerous studies were dedicated to propose soil-structure interaction analysis methods, most of these methods introduce several assumptions to circumvent the difficulties encountered in modeling and reduce computational efforts. The complex spatial configuration of the soil-foundation interface or the distribution of the soil medium are often simplified using flat-layered soil profiles ...

Background: Nonlinear relationships are common in the environmental discipline. Spreadsheet packages such as Microsoft Excel come with an add-on for nonlinear regression, but parameter uncertainty estimates are not yet available. The purpose of this paper is to use Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods to estimate nonlinear parameter uncertainties with a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. As an example, ...