Using mAb that selectively recognize the various allelic forms of the VHT15 and Vk21D-E genes' products, we analyzed the influence of VH and Vk polymorphism on the probability of expression of these gene segments. Our data show that the frequency to which the VHT15 gene product becomes available in the preimmune repertoire is strongly influenced by the polymorphism of the relevant structural ge...

113 Effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus level and phy­ tase on growth performance of Cherry Valley duck. Z. Z. Ren*1, Q. F. Zeng1, X. M. Ding1, S. P. Bai1, Y. H. Luo1, J. P. Wang1, K. Y. Zhang1, and G. Xu2, 1Institute of Animal Nutrition, Animal Nutrition and Feed Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China, 2Sichuan Chuanheng Chemi­ ca...

The similarity between the behaviors evoked by tail pinch (TP) and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH) has been noted by many investigators. Evidence is presented for a possible inverse relationship between the probability that ESLH would evoke eating and the readiness to eat in response to TP in six different rat populations (High and Low lines of the LC1 and LC2 Hebrew U...

Genetic variation, through its effects on gene regulatory networks, has an important role in determining biologic phenotypes and disease susceptibility. Recent studies using segregating populations have characterized variation in gene expression resulting from genetic differences and have used well-established assays to identify many cis-acting polymorphisms. Although trans effects have been sh...

A thorough knowledge of foot and ankle anatomy is required to allow an accurate and focused examination of the injured athlete. This short review has attempted to educate the treating physician on our approach to foot and ankle injuries commonly seen in athlete. We have tried to elucidate less common injuries that present in similar manner to the more common foot and ankle sprains and strains.

BACKGROUND Currently, there is growing interest in developing ante and post mortem meat inspection (MI) to incorporate measures of pig health and welfare for use as a diagnostic tool on pig farms. However, the success of the development of the MI process requires stakeholder engagement with the process. Knowledge gaps and issues of trust can undermine the effective exchange and utilisation of i...

The relative levels of pancreatic amylase mRNA closely parallel the 3-fold variation of pancreatic amylase protein levels observed in several mouse strains studied. In contrast pancreatic elastase mRNA levels were similar in these strains. Each of the strains contained the same number of amylase-like genes (about 8). The selective variation in the pancreatic amylase gene expression could be due...

CONTEXT The burden of injuries to college ultimate players has never been fully described. OBJECTIVE To quantify the injury rate in ultimate players and describe the diagnoses, anatomic locations, and mechanisms of injuries. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING College ultimate teams in the United States during the 2012 season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Initial injury rate per 1...

1 INRA, UR1197 NeuroBiologie de l’Olfaction, Jouy-en-Josas, France, 2 Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzebiec, Poland, 3 Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 4 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, 5 Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Telemark U...