Although prion diseases are most commonly modeled using the laboratory mouse, the diversity of prion strains, behavioral testing and neuropathological assessments hamper our collective understanding of mouse models of prion disease. Here we compared several commonly used murine strains of prions in C57BL/6J female mice in a detailed home cage behavior detection system and a systematic study of ...

AIMS It has been shown that microtitan may possibly affect the nervous system. In the present study, we examined the effect of microtitan on spontaneous activity during the sleeping period and on autonomic nervous activity in mice. MAIN METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into placebo and microtitan groups that were housed in chambers with rubber sheets impregnated wi...

A 40-year-old female, diagnosed as essential hypertension, demonstrated a 2 cm mass in left adrenal gland by computed tomography without abnormal endocrinological findings. (131)I-adosterol and (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy at 39 years of age showed no abnormal accumulation. Follow up (131)I-adosterol scintigraphy performed one year later showed apparently abnormal uptake a...

Sibutramine is used in the treatment of obesity due to its ability to influence feelings of hunger and satiety by inhibiting the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenalin in the central nervous system (CNS). Sibutramine use has been associated with numerous adverse events in particular cardiovascular complications possibly due to the formation of thrombi. This ultrastructural descriptive study in...

Olfactory deficiency has been reported in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans but is very poorly understood due to the lack of investigations in animal models of AD. Recent studies point to the noradrenergic system as an important target of the AD pathological process. In addition, noradrenalin has been shown to influence adult neurogenesis which is implicated in cognitive fu...

Cigarette smoking remains the largest preventable cause of premature death in developed countries. Until recently nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been the only recognised form of treatment for smoking cessation. Bupropion, the first non-nicotine based drug for smoking cessation was licensed in the United States of America (US) in 1997 and in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2000 for smoking ce...

BACKGROUND: Our aim is to check effectiveness of intravenous Levosimendan in comparison with intravenous Milrinone in congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 Paediatric patients between 2 months to 12 years of age divided into two groups. Group L (n=25) received inj. levosimendan 12μg/kg over 10 minutes1 after cross clamp removal and 0.1μg/kg/min started ...

Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and noradrenalin, play an essential role in regulating the motor and sensory functions in the spinal cord. We have previously shown that in the rat spinal cord the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) cells to produce 5-HT from its precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) is dramatically increased following complete ...

Introduction Venlafaxine is a serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor that was approved for marketing in 1994. In the past years, the number of prescriptions for the drug have gradually increased (Figure 1). The drug is indicated for the treatment of depression, especially when accompanied by vital signs, and for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder [1]. The most frequently repor...

Regular physical activity positively influences whole body energy metabolism and substrate handling in exercising muscle. While it is recognized that the effects of exercise extend beyond exercising muscle, it is unclear to what extent exercise impacts non-exercising muscles. Here we investigated the effects of an acute endurance exercise bouts on gene expression in exercising and non-exercisin...