OBJECTIVE To compare all cause mortality between the north and south of England over four decades. DESIGN Population wide comparative observational study of mortality. SETTING Five northernmost and four southernmost English government office regions. POPULATION All residents in each year from 1965 to 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death rate ratios of north over south England by age band a...

Bryan. K. and Stouffer. R.. 1991. A note on Bjerknes' hypothesis for North Atlantic VOiriOibililY. J. ~IOIr. SYSI.. 1: 229-241 On decadal time-scales the historical surface temperature record over land in the Northern Hemisphere is dominated by polar amplified variations. These variations are coherent ~.ith SST anomalies concentrated in the Northwest Atlantic. but extending with lesser amplitud...

Salamanders comprise more than 700 living species, mainly found in the Northern hemisphere (i.e., North and Central America northern part of Eurasia), Amazon region South [...]

â â â  aside from its annual and seasonal fluctuation, caspian sea level has sudden change with hourly and daily continuity caused by atmosphere circulation patterns. sometimes these fluctuations are so intense that they make irreparable damage to the economical and social activities in the coastal sea areas. the aim of this study is synoptic recognition of factors causing storm levels in the s...

As a measure of cold hardiness, we tested the supercooling points or freezing temperatures of individual hemlock woolly adelgids (Adelges tsugae Annand) collected from 15 locations across the north to south range of the adelgid in eastern North America at different times during two winters. Adelgids from the northern interior locations with USDA hardiness zones of 5B-6B had lower supercooling p...

Extra-tropical circulation systems impede poleward moisture advection by the Indian Summer Monsoon. In this context, the Himalayan range is believed to insulate the south Asian circulation from extra-tropical influences and to delineate the northern extent of the Indian Summer Monsoon in central Asia. Paleoclimatic evidence, however, suggests increased moisture availability in the Early Holocen...

a polar region is gradually changing with the emergence of pressing public policy issues such as climate change, resource development, endangered wildlife and sovereignty disputes. These issues have given rise to Canada’s Northern Strategy (www.northernstrategy .gc .ca /index-eng.asp), which focuses on issues such as environmental heritage, economic and social development, sovereignty and devol...

Orbitally induced increase in northern summer insolation after growth of a large ice sheet triggered deglaciation and associated global warming. Ice-albedo, sealevel, and greenhouse-gas feedbacks, together with tropical warming from weakening winds in response to polar amplification of warming, caused regionalto-global (near-) synchronization of deglaciation. Effects were larger at orbital rath...

The Pass Peak Formation is a Tertiary basin-flank deposit exposed throughout much of the Hoback Basin; a depression physiographically distinct from, but structurally continuous with, the northern Green River Basin. Two lithofacies of the Pass Peak Formation are identified. A northern quartzite conglomeratesandstone facies, possibly as thick as 3200 ft, intertongues southward with a sandstone-si...

Late Quaternary histories of two North American desert biomesC4 grasslands and C3 shrublandsare poorly known despite their sensitivity and potential value in reconstructing summer rains and winter temperatures. Plant macrofossil assemblages from packrat midden series in the northern Chihuahuan Desert show that C4 grasses and annuals typical of desert grassland persisted near their present north...