This study investigated the sensitivity of managed boreal forests to climate change, with consequent needs to adapt the management to climate change. Model simulations representing the Finnish territory between 60 and 70 degrees N showed that climate change may substantially change the dynamics of managed boreal forests in northern Europe. This is especially probable at the northern and souther...

Temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere have recently been identified as important carbon sinks. Accurate calculation of forest carbon budget and appraisal of the temporal variations of forest net carbon fluxes are important topics to elucidate the ‘‘missing sink’’ question and to follow up the changing carbon dynamics in forests. In this article, recent carbon budgets of the fo...

throughout prehistory, the cultures of iran and western asia differed in important respects. many of these differencescan be attributed to the different geographic and environmental conditions in the two regions. western iran is largely aheavily divided mountainous region with difficult access whereas mesopotamia is relatively flat and open to travel andtrade. the early holocene environment of ...

We examined tree species responses under forest harvesting and an increased fire disturbance scenario due to climate warming in northern Wisconsin where northern hardwood and boreal forests are currently predominant. Individual species response at the ecosystem scale was simulated with a gap model, which integrates soil, climate and species data, stratified by ecoregions. Such responses were qu...

introduction forest ecosystems have continuously downgraded due to every environmental pressure including climate change, aerosols deposits, industrial pollutions and other degradation factors. the output soon or late would be a different forest. forest monitoring is a well-regulated and usually long running procedure, which has the ability to detect these phenomena and reactions based on aims ...

The Bitlis-Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is one of the world?s largest deformation zones, extending from Eastern Mediterranean in southern Turkey to south Iran. This zone partitioned between different structures; however, little known about relative activities these structures and their effects on topography. An area located northern part Bitlis- Zagros Belt, just Anatolian Plateau was studied detail...

Six and 21 kyear BP represent the extreme states of climate since the last glacial maximum. The early Holocene, in contrast, was a time of transition, experiencing rapidly melting continental ice sheets, rising sea-level, and increasing summer insolation. Key features of the climate, illustrated by an NCAR CCM3 general circulation model experiment representing 11 kyr BP, include enhanced contin...