The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV was tested as a synergist for nucleopolyhedroviruses against Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The addition of the gypsy moth NPV significantly decreased the LC50s of AcMNPV, AfMNPV, GmMNPV, HaMNPV, HzSNPV, PxMN...

This paper provides an overview of information processing accounts of pictures of objects and of non-picture visuals (NPVs) such as graphs and diagrams, including theories of graph comprehension. Compared to the study of objects, there appear to be rather few information processing studies of NPVs. An NPV corpus was developed and items were used as visual stimuli in four cognitive tasks. The ta...

UNLABELLED We performed a retrospective analysis to the effects of negative pressure ventilation (NPV), tracheal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (TIPPV), and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV, volume or pressure-controlled ventilatory mode), in 114 patients with restrictive ventilatory disorders instituted in our hospital from 1956 until 2005. The patients were ...

Severe droughts caused unprecedented impacts on grasslands in Central Europe 2018 and 2019. Yet, spatially varying drought remain poorly understood as they are driven by complex interactions of environmental conditions land management. Sentinel-2 time series offer untapped potential for improving grassland monitoring during with the required spatial temporal detail. In this study, we quantified...

[1] Degradation of cattle pastures is a management concern that influences future land use in Amazonia. However, ‘‘degradation’’ is poorly defined and has different meanings for ranchers, ecologists, and policy makers. Here we analyze pasture degradation using objective scalars of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and exposed soil (S) derived from Landsat image...

QUESTIONS What is the economic value for an individual to invest in physiotherapy undergraduate education in Australia? How is this affected by increased education costs or decreased wages? DESIGN A cost-benefit analysis using a net present value (NPV) approach was conducted and reported in Australian dollars. In relation to physiotherapy education, the NPV represents future earnings as a phy...

Visually-guided arm reaching movements are produced by distributed neural networks within parietal and frontal regions of the cerebral cortex. Experimental data indicate that (I) single neurons in these regions are broadly tuned to parameters of movement; (2) appropriate commands are elaborated by populations of neurons; (3) the coordinated action of neurons can be visualized using a neuronal p...

BACKGROUND A simple screening tool is essential for priority setting and operating activities in communities. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify the implications of a family protective-risk index (FPRI) for screening cognitive development of children aged 13-15 years. MATERIAL AND METHOD The cross-sectional survey among 319 children aged 13-15 years old was conducted in one distr...

In well control optimization for an oil reservoir described by a set of geological models, the expectation of net present value (NPV) is optimized. This approach called robust optimization, entails running the reservoir simulator for all the reservoir models at each iteration of the optimization algorithm. Hence, robust optimization can be computationally demanding. One way to reduce the comput...