The pin-based pointwise energy slowing-down method (PSM) has been refined through eliminating the approximation for using pre-tabulated collision probability during calculation. A table is generated by assuming that material composition and temperature are constant in fuel pellet (CPM). Refined PSM (PSM-CPM), which calculates isolated calculation CPM, can consider nonuniform distribution. For m...

The magnitude of humanity’s energy needs requires that we embrace a multitude of various energy sources and applications. For a variety of reasons, nuclear energy must be a major portion of the distribution, at least one-third. The often-cited strategic hurdle to this approach is nuclear waste disposal. Present strategies concerning disposal of nuclear waste need to be changed if the world is t...

This paper presents the results of Power To Melt and Maneuverability (P2M) Simulation Exercise on past fuel melting irradiation experiments, organized within Organisation for Economic Co-operation Development/Nuclear Energy Agency Framework IrraDiation ExperimentS (FIDES) framework by Core Group (CEA, EDF, SCK‧CEN) open to all FIDES members. The exercise consisted in simulating two power ramps ...

Bioenergy is increasingly being used to meet EU objectives for renewable energy generation and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Problems with using biomass however include high moisture contents, lower calorific value and poor grindability when compared to fossil fuels. Torrefaction is a pre-treatment process that aims to address these issues. In this paper four torrefaction treatments ...

Samples of torrefied wood pellet produced by low-temperature microwave pyrolysis were tested through a series of experiments relevant to present and near future waste to energy conversion technologies. Operational performance was assessed using a modern small-scale downdraft gasifier. Owing to the pellet's shape and surface hardness, excellent flow characteristics were observed. The torrefied p...

The use of coal is responsible for (1)/(5) of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Substitution of coal with biomass fuels is one of a limited set of near-term options to significantly reduce these emissions. We investigate, on a life cycle basis, 100% wood pellet firing and cofiring with coal in two coal generating stations (GS) in Ontario, Canada. GHG and criteria air pollutant emissions ar...

The increasing demand for energy causes the depletion of fuel fossil. To overcome this, it is necessary to utilize biomass and waste. purpose this study was simulate effect bio-pellet density on temperature, rate pressure combustion made from a mixture gelam wood rice husk. method uses ANSYS simulation with literature review. results showed that composition husks had an decreasing rate, due cal...

The principle drawbacks of any kind of solid nuclear fuel are listed and briefly analysed in the first part of the paper. On the basis of this analysis, the liquid fuel concept and its benefits are introduced and briefly described in the following parts of the paper allowing to develop new reactor systems for nuclear incineration of spent fuel from conventional reactors and a new clean source o...

A 2-D model for the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel inside a failed nuclear waste container has been modified to determine the influence of various redox processes occurring within fractures in the fuel. The corrosion process is driven by reaction of the fuel with the dominant α radiolysis product, H2O2. A number of reactions are shown to moderate or suppress the corrosion rate, including H2O2 ...