Skeletal muscle displays remarkable plasticity, enabling substantial adaptive modifications in its metabolic potential and functional characteristics in response to external stimuli such as mechanical loading and nutrient availability. Contraction-induced adaptations are determined largely by the mode of exercise and the volume, intensity, and frequency of the training stimulus. However, eviden...

In assessing food intake patterns in groups of individuals, it is usually important to know how many of these individuals present nutrient intakes above or below a determined criterion. This information is relevant for planning healthcare actions, both in monitoring and in assessing such interventions, and also for the purposes of regulating commercial activities. This paper discusses a new met...

The discovery of taste and nutrient receptors (chemosensors) in the gut has led to intensive research on their functions. Whereas oral sugar, fat, and umami taste receptors stimulate nutrient appetite, these and other chemosensors in the gut have been linked to digestive, metabolic, and satiating effects that influence nutrient utilization and inhibit appetite. Gut chemosensors may have an addi...

The dynamics of O2 depletion in exceptional dinoflagellate blooms, often referred to as red tides or harmful algal blooms (HABs), was investigated in St. Helena Bay in the southern Benguela upwelling system in 2013. The transition to bloom decay and anoxia was examined through determination of O2-based productivity and respiration rates. Changes in O2 concentrations in relation to bloom metabol...

As the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi traverses its enzootic cycle, alternating between a tick vector and a vertebrate host, the spirochete must adapt and persist in the tick midgut under prolonged nutrient stress between blood meals. In this study, we examined the role of the stringent response in tick persistence and in regulation of gene expression during nutrient limitation. Nu...

The coordination of metabolic processes to allow increased nutrient uptake and utilization for macromolecular synthesis is central for cell growth. Although studies of bulk cell populations have revealed important metabolic and signaling requirements that impact cell growth on long time scales, whether the same regulation influences short-term cell growth remains an open question. Here we inves...

We have developed and employed an Earth system model to explore the forcings of atmospheric pCO2 change and the chemical and isotopic evolution of seawater over the last glacial cycle. Concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (DP), reactive nitrogen, molecular oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), C-DIC, and CDIC were calculated for 24 ocean boxes. The bi-directional wa...

this study was conducted to choose the best species for plantation on a poor drainage soil in southern coast of caspian sea, iran. nutrient concentrations in live and senescent leaves and soil properties were compared among alnus subcordata c.a.mey (n-fixing tree), populus deltoides­ marsh. (non n-fixing tree)and taxodium distichum (l.) rich. (coniferous tree) plantations. in each of these plan...

• Objective: To assess the impact of a drug utilization review (DUR) alert letter program on metformin discontinuation rates in patients with a metformin claim and an absolute contraindication to metformin