Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), black oak (Q. kelloggii), and some shreve oak (Q. parvula var. shreve) trees in coastal California are affected by a new disease called ‘‘Sudden Oak Death.’’ These tree communities are extremely important for habitat provision, recreation, and aesthetics. Research of and community interest in this new disease is very high. We...

Jean-Pierre St Mart is Core Surgical Trainee Year 1; Steven Jeffery, Lt Col Royal Army Medical Corps is Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon; Major John Clark is Senior Burns and Plastic Surgery Military Nurse Specialist, Burns and Plastics, all at The Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham The injuries sustained by British soldiers in Afghanistan and Iraq ar...

An accurate tree diameter (DBH) measurement is a significant component of forest inventory. This study assessed the reliability remote dendrometers to measure DBH. We compared direct caliper measurements (reference measurements) collected from laser and smartphone at 0.5 m, 1 1.5 m distances each within three types (pine, oak, poplar forests). In general, all underestimated mean measurements, r...

Oak-dominated forests in northwestern Arkansas have recently experienced an oak mortality event associated with an unprecedented outbreak of a native insect, the red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman). To determine whether prior drought was associated with increased E. rufulus infestation level of Quercus rubra L. trees, we employed a suite of dendrochronological measurements from Q. rub...

To modeling of Suitability Iranian Oak site to establish coppice regenerations, chahartagh forest reserve, Ardal region, chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province, southern Zagros forest, and southwest Iranian state was selected. To modeling Suitability Iranian Oak used the physiographic element, soil depth, climatology and distance from village selected. To this study used the raster formats by pixel...

Savanna tree-grass interactions may be particularly sensitive to climate change. Establishment of two tree canopy dominants, post oak (Quercus stellata) and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), grown with the dominant C4 perennial grass (Schizachyrium scoparium) in southern oak savanna of the United States were evaluated under four climatic scenarios for 6 years. Tree-grass interactions wer...

Since European settlement, hardwood dominated forests of the Upper American Midwest have undergone compositional changes due to fire suppression and changes in land use. It is not clear how these changes affect songbirds during spring migration. In 2009 and 2010, we quantified foraging behavior by migratory songbirds during spring migration and collected data on tree and sapling diversity in th...

Baaed on anatomlcal. photosynthetic, and biochemical data, the range of physiological differences and almllarlllea waa defined for ten Quercus species. There were no correlations between apaclea’ ilte adaptablllty, leaf anatomy and photoayhlhetlo rate (A). For exampla, cherrybark oak, a meak-hydrtc type, and post oak, a xerlc type. have the largeat alomatal aperture among species examlti but th...

We measured 2188 oak trees (Quercus spp.) on the Hoosier National Forest in southern Indiana before and 1, 5, and 10 years after clear-cutting to determine the influence of parent tree age, diameter breast height, and site index on the probability that there was one or more living sprouts per stump: (i) 1 year after clear-cutting (sprouting probability) or (ii) that were competitively successfu...

Movement of invasive wood-boring insects in wood products presents a threat to forest health and a management challenge for public and private land managers. The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a new pest in San Diego and Riverside Cos., CA, believed to have been introduced on firewood. This beetle has caused elevated levels of oak mortality s...