This paper focuses on the robust mixed H2/H∞ observer design problem for removal of NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Due to the ammonia cross-sensitivity, the reading of the NOx sensor is contaminated severely. In order to utilize the concentration of the NOx in the downstream tailpipe, it is desired to design an observer to estimate the actua...

accurate interpretation of radiographic images is dependent on viewing conditions. recently the number of radiology departments has been increased so it needs to use a workstation for reporting. the aim of this study was assess monitor performance and the effect of viewing conditions on object detection. this investigation aimed to quantify the effects of changes in box brightness and ambient l...

This study examines predictors of observer accuracy (i.e. seeing) and target accuracy (i.e. being seen) in perceptions of classmates' relationships in a predominantly African American sample of 420 second through fourth graders (ages 7 - 11). Girls, children in higher grades, and children in smaller classrooms were more accurate observers. Targets (i.e. pairs of children) were more accurately o...

Much research on color representation and categorization has assumed that relations among color terms can be proxies for relations among color percepts. We test this assumption by comparing the mapping of color words with color appearances among different observer groups performing cognitive tasks: (1) an invariance of naming task; and (2) triad similarity judgments of color term and color appe...

Any physical or geometrical variation on a natural dynamical system should be identified by an observer. Also a method is required to compare different observers and evaluate their perspectives. Moreover complexity and/or uncertainty of the system should be measured through viewpoint of observers. In the approach presented in this paper an observer is identified mathematically by a function μ :...

The state estimation of a quantized system (Q.S.) is a challenging problem for designing feedback control and model-based fault diagnosis algorithms. The core of a Q.S. is a continuous variable system whose inputs and outputs are represented by their corresponding quantized values. This paper concerns with state estimation of a Q.S. by a qualitative observer. The presented observer in this pape...

This paper proposes a disturbance observer-based robust model predictive control (MPC) for voltage sensorless grid-connected inverter with an inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL) filter. A full-state estimator and grid observer are designed to reduce the number of sensors. lumped observer, considering parameter mismatch along impedance variation, is also eliminate steady-state error. cost funct...

A critical step in radiotherapy treatment planning process is to accurately locate the tumor and determine its extent. Variability in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation is a major source of systematic error in conformal radiotherapy. CT scan is the principle source of imaging data used for defining GTV for planning conformal therapy. CT is widely available less costly and compatible with radi...

This article proposes a novel, disturbance observer-based decentralized frequency control method for interconnected power systems. The employs extended Kalman filter (EKF) as an observer to estimate inaccessible dynamic states of the system, including total one state variables. An optimal based controller is suggested multiarea systems that compensates estimated and further on minimizing joint ...