A photon collider luminosity and its energy are determined by the parameters of an electron-electron linear collider (energy, power, beam emittances) and collision effects. The main collision effect is the coherent e+e− pair creation. At low energies (2E< 0.5–1 TeV) this process is suppressed due to repulsion of electron beams. In this region Lγγ(z > 0.65) ≥ 1035cm−2s−1 is possible (1033 − 1034...

The characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) panels in the field conditions are to be obtained using a fast varying load. The paper presents a simple electronic load for testing a set of PV panels using linear metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs). The proposed test set up gives the current versus voltage and power versus voltage characteristics of PV panels by quickly scanning the load. D...

Speech recognition technology has been widely used. Considering a training cost of an acoustic model, it is beneficial to reuse pre-existing acoustic models for making a suitable one for various apparatus and application. However, a complex acoustic model for high CPU power does not work for low CPU power. And a simple model for fast-processing-demanded application does not work well for high-p...

In this paper, optimum code rates for a number of channel codes which are used in the coded direct-sequence spreadspectrum (DS-SS) and coded code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems operating in the presence of narrow-band interference (NBI) are investigated. The criteria in obtaining the optimum code rates is based on maximum tolerable NBI power to signal power ratio. First, ...

Abstract The mathematical models applied to photovoltaic (PV) modules are typically oversimplified. In general, the individual PV cells modified obtain “cell” voltage by dividing module number of in module. Due complexity current–voltage (IV) relation and presence bypass diodes commercial this approach is inappropriate can lead incorrect conclusions about electrical response a This paper provid...