BACKGROUND Where a person lives is not usually thought of as an independent predictor of his or her health, although physical and social features of places of residence may affect health and health-related behavior. METHODS Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we examined the relation between characteristics of neighborhoods and the incidence of coronary heart diseas...

background: socioeconomic problems, would affect the people in all stages of life, especially the menopausal period. in this stage of life, the women experience loss of social positions, and responsibilities. the current study was carried out to assess the relationship between the socioeconomic state and sexual dysfunction in menopausal period. methods: this is an analytic, cross-sectional stud...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is usually measured by determining education, income, occupation, or a composite of these dimensions. Although education is the most commonly used measure of SES in epidemiological studies, no investigators in the United States have conducted an empirical analysis quantifying the relative impact of each separate dimension of SES on risk factors for disease....

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether education, occupation and overqualification (defined as having a level of educational attainment higher than the skill level required for an occupation) are associated with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. METHOD A prospective study of the association between overqualification and all-cause and CVD mortality was undertaken in the Can...

OBJECTIVE To document food acquisition experiences during Iraqi military occupation in Kuwait. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Urban areas in Kuwait during occupation. SUBJECTS Those living in Kuwait during the period of occupation, and aged between 15 to 50 years at the time of occupation, recruited by snowball sampling. A total of 390 completed questionnaires (respon...

ôbjective: depression among elderly in ïran has not been well studied. little is known about the true rates of depression, it correlates or how well it is treated. this research is part of a series examining health status of older people using the geriatric depression scale-15 (gds-15). methods: ône thousand and nine hundred seventy five (1975) older people living in razavi khorasan province we...

background: despite the enhancement in health outcomes worldwide, health inequity and inequality is one of the most relevant topics both for health policy and public health. this research was designed to decompose the health inequality of people living in shiraz, south-west iran. methods: data were obtained from a multistage-sample survey conducted in shiraz from april to may 2012, to find dete...

abstract introduction: self-esteem is one of the necessities of human life and most professionals consider it as a major factor in social and emotional adjustment. low self-esteem in students causes academic failure, loneliness, drug abuse, away from reality and self-destructive behaviors. objective: this study aimed to determine the level of self-esteem and its related factors in high school s...

What is the association between debt and anxiety? Is the relationship between age and anxiety in part due to financial debt? Recently there has been a renewed interest for the reconceptualization and measurement of socioeconomic status that moves beyond the standard education, occupation, and income. This paper uses credit card debt and stress regarding debt to examine the relationship among ag...