The kafala system of migrant sponsorship prevalent in the Middle East has long been subject scholarly and public scrutiny, due to high level reported abuse workers. Prevalent analyses kafalaview it as a rentier that offers economic opportunities for both non-national workers citizen sponsor-employers, despite inherent structural asymmetries bias overall benefits towards latter. However, raciali...

Cohn called a ring $R$ is reversible if whenever $ab = 0,$ then $ba = 0$ for $a,bin R.$ The reversible property is an important role in noncommutative ring theory‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎Abdul-Jabbar et al‎. ‎studied the reversible ring property on nilpotent elements‎, ‎introducing‎ the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero (simply‎, ‎a CNZ ring)‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we extend the CNZ pr...

OBJECTIVES To provide a framework for epidemiological research on work and health that combines classic occupational epidemiology and the consideration of work in a structural perspective focused on gender inequalities in health. METHODS Gaps and limitations in classic occupational epidemiology, when considered from a gender perspective, are described. Limitations in research on work related ...

The aim of this study was to describe changes in employment and income following a diagnosis of occupational asthma, and to determine what factors might affect these changes. Two hundred and nine patients with occupational asthma were reviewed on average 3.1 yrs after the diagnosis had been made. They were contacted by telephone or were sent a self-administered questionnaire by post. Multiple l...

This article describes a pioneering longitudinal investigation from Australia known as the Hunter Community Study (HCS). The HCS investigates retired and near-retired persons randomly selected in a regional area on the heavily populated east coast. As it collects detailed survey, clinical, and biological measures, the HCS is more comprehensive than most other research of this nature. The HCS al...

as a distinct socially constructed genre, wedding invitations (wis) offer a fruitful site for investigating how two areas of genre knowledge (i.e., form and content) change over time under the influence of sociocultural forces. through the examination of 100 iranian wis dating from 1970s to the present time, the study investigated the trajectories of change through time within the social semiot...

This paper proposes creating new reversible marking technique. This originally based on indentifying parts of the image which are watermarked using two different Histogram Shifting (HS) modulations. One is Pixel Histogram shifting and other is Dynamic Prediction Error Histogram Shifting (DPEHS). This technique offers a very good compromise in terms of capacity and image quality preservation for...

In this paper a smooth control algorithm for gear shifting is proposed for improving longitudinal dynamic performance during dry dual-clutch engagements while shifting up or down takes place based on measurements of engine speed and clutch speed, and on estimation of the dual-clutch engaging torque. Simulation effort is made by Matlab/Simulink for transient responses of the overall propulsion s...