Previous results suggest that extracellular dopamine (DA) in the rat cerebral cortex originates from dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals. To further clarify this issue, dialysate DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured both in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and in the occipital cortex (OCC), with dense and scarce dopaminergic projections, respective...

We present new algorithms for the problem of multiple string matching of gapped patterns, where a gapped pattern is a sequence of strings such that there is a gap of fixed length between each two consecutive strings. The problem has applications in the discovery of transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences when using generalized versions of the Position Weight Matrix model to describe...

We investigated infants' sensitivity to amount of continuous quantity and to change in amount of continuous quantity. Using a habituation procedure, Experiment 1 examined whether 6-month-old infants can distinguish between different amounts of liquid in a container. Infants looked significantly longer at a novel quantity than at the familiar quantity. Using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, ...

Four experiments familiarized 6-, 9-, 12-, and 16-month-old infants to a solid block that was repeatedly lowered into a semitransparent container. In test trials the end state, containment, was either compatible or incompatible with the objects' size and position. In Experiment 1, infants saw the block and box successively before they observed the end state. This forced infants to attend to eac...

OBJECTIVE It is often believed that people overeat the foods they like. We investigated whether environmental cues such as packaging and container size are so powerful that they can increase our intake of foods that are less palatable. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a 2 x 2 between-subjects design, 158 moviegoers in Philadelphia (57.6% male; 28.7 years) were randomly given a medium (120...

BACKGROUND Extracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is regarded as an adverse prognostic factor and is often used to select patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. The prognostic value of ECS was evaluated for patients with oropharyngeal SCC (OPC; with known p16/human papillomavirus [HPV] status) and for patients with ...

This paper studies the existence of eecient (small size) ampliiers for proving explicit inaproximability results for bounded degree and bounded occurrence combinatorial optimization problems, and gives an explicit construction for such ampliiers. We use this construction to improve the currently best known approximation lower bounds for bounded occurrence instances of linear equations mod 2, an...

The role of alkaloids in cigarette smoke was investigated in the cumulus expansion of oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) isolated from large antral porcine follicles. Suppression of the cumulus expansion stimulated by FSH was observed in the presence of different concentration of cadmium, anabasine and nicotine but not its metabolite cotinine. There were comparable inhibitory effects of cadmium and...

We introduce the SCP the sorted common prefix, and study some of its properties. Based on the internal representations used by a class of new compression schemes, we show how the SCP table can be constructed using an ( ) max κ Σ + u O number of comparisons on average, and ( ) Σ u O worst case, where u is the size of the sequence, Σ is the number of symbols, and max κ is the maximum SCP value. W...

Development and usage of Case Based Reasoning (CBR) driven medical diagnostic system requires a large volume of clinical cases that depict the problem-solving methodology of medical experts. Successful usage of CBR based systems in healthcare is constrained by the need for a continuous supply of current and correct clinical cases (in an electronic medium) from medical experts. To address this c...