Decomposition of organic matter (OM) in soil, affecting carbon (C) cycling and climate feedbacks, depends on microbial activities driven by C and nitrogen (N) availability. However, it remains unknown how decomposition of various OMs vary across global supplies and ratios of C and N inputs. We examined OM decomposition by incubating four types of OM (leaf litter, wood, organic matter from organ...

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a major cause of life-threatening meningitis and septicemia worldwide, and no effective vaccine is available. Initiation of innate and acquired immune responses to N. meningitidis is likely to be dependent on cellular responses of dendritic cells (DC) to antigens present in the outer membrane (OM) of the meningococcus. In this study, the responses of human ...

Nam ate 1980 vinnig kom , pas dit onderwysverpleegsters om die toekomstige behoeftes van en uitdagings aan verpleging van nader te bekyk. Verpleegonderwys moet op ’n breé basis berus en mense oplei om te dink, handel en voortdurend daarna te streef om hulle kennis uit te brei. Dit moet NIE uitsluitlik daarop gemik wees om mense vir eksamens voor te berei nie, inaar dit moet ook nie die teorie e...

The purpose of this study was to compare 24-h substrate oxidation in older (OM; 60-75 yr, n = 7) and younger (YM; 20-30 yr, n = 7) men studied on sedentary day (Con) and on a day with exercise (Ex; net energy expenditure = 300 kcal). Plasma glucose and free fatty acids were also measured at several time points during the 24-h measurement. Weight was not different in OM and YM (means +/- SD; 84....

Oral mucositis (OM) is a distressing toxic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It can increase the need for total parenteral nutrition and opioid analgesics, prolong hospital stays, increase the risk of infection, and greatly diminish a patient's quality of life. Nurses play a critical role in the assessment and management of OM. However, nurses face several significant challenges in effec...

Oral mucositis (OM) is a clinically important and frequent adverse event (AE) associated with cancer treatment with conventional chemotherapy as well as new targeted agents. Incidence and severity of OM vary from treatment to treatment and from patient to patient. The pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced OM can be divided into 5 phases. OM induced by targeted therapies differs among other thing...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis proposed in a recent French study that a history of recurrent otitis media (OM) in childhood increases susceptibility to hearing loss from frequent exposure to a personal stereo (PS) during development to early adulthood. METHODS A subcohort of 358 young adults selected from a historic cohort study, all 18 years old and with a well-documented OM history (secre...

BACKGROUND: Although chromosome missegregation during oocyte maturation (OM) is a significant contributor to human morbidity and mortality, very little is known about the causes and mechanisms of aneuploidy. Several investigators have proposed that temporal perturbations during OM predispose oocytes to aberrant chromosome segregation. One approach for testing this proposal is to temporarily inh...

We study the compactification of OM-theory on tori and show a simple heuristic derivation of the S-duals of noncommutative open string theory in diverse dimensions from the OM-theoretical point of view. In particular, we identify the S-duality between noncommutative open string theory and noncommutative Yang-Mills theory in (3 + 1) dimensions as the exchange of two circles of a torus on which O...

The bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a barrier containing membrane proteins and liposaccharides that fulfill crucial functions for Gram-negative bacteria. With the advent of drug-resistant bacteria, it is necessary to understand the functional role of this membrane and its constituents to enable novel drug designs. Here we report a simple method to form an OM-like supported bilayer (OM-SB), whi...