India is the world's largest democracy with control of opioids divided between the national and state governments. While the global consumption of opioids has increased, the consumption has not increased at the same rate. This is the first comprehensive study of opioid availability and accessibility for cancer patients in India. Data are reported on the availability and accessibility of opioids...

BACKGROUND Dexamethasone is frequently administered in the perioperative period to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. In contrast, the analgesic effects of dexamethasone are not well defined. The authors performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the dose-dependent analgesic effects of perioperative dexamethasone. METHODS We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. A wide search was perfor...

Background & Objective: Non-opioid analgesics are often used to supplement opioids for the management of postoperative pain. This study examined the opioid-sparing effectiveness, analgesic efficacy and tolerability of preoperative administration of the oral cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor, etoricoxib, in gynecological laparotomies. Method: 60 patients ASA physical status 1&11 were randomly...

BACKGROUND Perioperative systemic lidocaine has been shown to have beneficial postoperative analgesic effects. The only previous study examining the use of lidocaine in the outpatient setting did not detect an opioid-sparing effect after hospital discharge. More importantly, it is unknown whether systemic lidocaine provides a better postoperative quality of recovery to patients undergoing ambul...

BACKGROUND Preventive analgesia using non-opioid analgesic strategies is recognized as a pathway to improve postoperative pain control while minimizing opioid-related side effects. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug frequently used to treat postoperative pain. However, the optimal dose and route of administration for systemic single dose ketorolac to prevent postoperative pain is...