We consider a general deterministic infinite horizon optimization problem over discrete time with time-varying, i.e., non-stationary, data. Our formulation requires only that action spaces be compact, including both continuous and discrete controls. In the event that all total costs diverge, i.e., no least total cost optimum exists, we investigate the existence of efficient optima. (An infinite...

Manuscript received May 21, 2010. Date of publication July 01, 2010; date of current version July 23, 2010. A. Morgenshtein is with Core CAD Technologies Group, Intel Corporation, Haifa 31015, Israel (e-mail: [email protected]). E. G. Friedman is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA (e-mail: [email protected])...

Performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts (10 wt.% Ni) in steam reforming of n-butane was investigated in terms of n-butane conversion, selectivity to hydrogen and hydrogen yield. The process was carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor at 650 °C and atmospheric pressure. The volumetric flow rates of n-butane and steam were 0.1 mL/min and 0.6 mL/min, respectively. The catalysts were prepared by preci...

In this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of PEM fuel cell is modeled. The governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. Also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (GDL) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...

The replacement of oxide semiconducting TiO₂ nano particles with one dimensional TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) has been used for improving the electron transport in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Although use of one dimensional structure provides the enhanced photoelectrical performance, it tends to reduce the adsorption of dye on the TiO₂ surface due to decrease of surface area. To overcome t...

The objectives of this study were to develop soy milk with improved food quality and to enhance the functional attributes by incorporating short-time germination into the processing. Changes in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), phytic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) in soy milk produced from soybeans germinated within 72 h were investigated to determine the optimum germination con...

The cooling capacity, efficiency and cooling flux for a single stage thermoelectric cooler, as part of a multistage cooler, is analyzed in this study. The Lagrange Multiplier method is used to develop nonlinear algebraic equations for the optimum condition for different objective functions. The analysis includes the effect of heat leak, thermal boundary resistances with thermal reservoirs and t...

Using the finite Zak transform (FZT) periodic polyphase sequences satisfying the ideal cyclic autocorrelation property and sequence pairs satisfying the optimum cyclic cross correlation property are constructed. The Zak space correlation formula plays a major role in the design of signals having special correlation properties. Sequences defined by permutation matrices in Zak space always satisf...

In this study, we analysed the thermal performance, thermal stability and optimum design analyses of a longitudinal, rectangular fin with temperature-dependent, thermal properties and internal heat generation under multi-boiling heat transfer using Haar wavelet collocation method. The effects of the key and controlling parameters on the thermal performance of the fin are investigated. The therm...

A gram-positive, nonmotile, irregular, short, rod-shaped new strain of Weissella confusa bacterium was isolated from fermented cabbage. The isolate was physiologically and biochemically characterised. The 16S rDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolate was identified as Weissella confusa (GenBank accession number: GU138518.1) based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic ...