In the absence of ongoing, structured, dialogue between the instructor and the students, a tutorless problem-based learning (PBL) format can give rise to several problems that interfere with learning: (i) students’ emotions can interfere with their willingness to participate and decrease the quality of their learning; (ii) misapprehensions and weak thinking, group, and problem-solving skills ca...

the us, not only failed to predict the occurrence of the middle east revolutions but also failed to understand the depth and the probability of its spread to other countries. while washington was engaged in tactical initiatives in confronting the islamic awakening, the islamic republic of iran took the creativity of a strategic game in hand. this was a three-step profile raised by the supreme l...

RÉSUMÉ. Les systèmes de questions-réponses (SQR) actuels répondent à une question posée par l’utilisateur en langue naturelle par une information précise ainsi qu’un passage de document justifiant cette information. Le principal défaut de ces réponses est qu’elles ne créent pas d’interaction avec l’utilisateur, ce qui peut être problématique, en particulier dans le cas où le SQR est intégré dan...

As I reflect on my years of editorship of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP) and our work together, I’m very proud of our collaboration and collective accomplishments as an editorial team. For the most part, I believe we have delivered prompt, high-quality reviews that have improved the quality of the published research in JPP. Many authors have commented on the quality and helpfulness o...

Developing suitable frameworks and paradigms (theoretical and practical) is a challenge for all disciplines in the face of rapid technological changes. Technological advances are fundamentally changing discourse in many well-established areas of research; from advances in understanding the brain, questioning the informed wisdom of sectors of the brain, through to impacts of social networks on s...

This paper presents a theoretical framework for viewing elements that comprise distance education instructional systems in terms of dialogue. It is assumed that learning is mediated by intrapersonal dialogue and facilitated by interpersonal dialogue. Every resource in a distance education instructional system (eg, instructor availability, asynchronous communication networks, self-instruction te...

P hilip D. Marsh is Professor of Oral Microbiology at the School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK, and is Programme Leader for the TB & Public Health Microbiology group at Public Health England, Salisbury, UK. He has published over 240 research papers and review articles, and is co-author of a leading text book on oral microbiology. He was the recipient of the ORCA-Rolex Award for Caries R...

This paper describes a method for detecting filled pauses (including word lengthening), which are one of the hesitation phenomena. This detection is important in speech dialogue systems because they play valuable roles in oral communication. Although there have been a few previous speech recognition systems handling filled pauses, they have not detected them individually and consequently could ...

We describe the use of spoken dialogue technology to enhance informal history learning. We describe several uses for this technology, including allowing learners to engage in natural interactions at a historical site, allowing learners to talk with recreations of historical figures, and using oral history recordings of a witness to create a dialogue experience. Two projects are highlighted, one...