Almost fifty years have passed since the idea to retrieve a value for Evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing techniques was first considered. Numerous ET models been proposed, validated and improved along these five decades, as satellites sensors onboard were enhanced. This study reviews most of efforts in progress towards providing trustworthy by means thermal data. It starts with an in-...

In most extrasolar planetary systems, the present orbits of known giant planets admit the existence of stable terrestrial planets. Those same giant planets, however, have typically eccentric orbits that hint at violent early dynamics less benign for low mass planet formation. Under the assumption that massive planet eccentricities are the end point of gravitational scattering in multiple planet...

The richness of dynamical behavior exhibited by the rotational states of various solar system objects has driven significant advances in the theoretical understanding of their evolutionary histories. An important factor that determines whether a given object is prone to exhibiting non-trivial rotational evolution is the extent to which such an object can maintain a permanent aspheroidal shape, ...

Information about the energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from radiation belt into atmosphere is important for assessing ozone variability and dynamics of middle during magnetospheric geomagnetic disturbances. The accurate values fluxes depending on their energy range are one most problems calculating atmospheric ionization rates, which, in turn, taken account estimating depletion chemistry–...

Microbursts, short-lived but intense electron precipitation observed by low-Earth-orbiting satellites, may contribute significantly to the losses of energetic electrons in outer radiation belt. Their origin is likely due whistler mode chorus waves, as evidenced a strong overlap spatial correlation two. Despite previous efforts on modeling bursty induced most, if not all, rely assumption that wa...

Dynamical considerations, presented herein via analytic scalings and numerical experiments, imply that Earth-mass planets accreting in regions that become habitable zones of M dwarf stars form within several million years. Temperatures in these regions during planetary accretion are higher than those encountered by the material that formed the Earth. Collision velocities during and after the pr...

[1] Energetic proton (1–45 keV) distributions measured by the magnetospheric plasma analyzer detector on Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous orbiting satellites are analyzed to study the characteristics of proton ring development during the 2001 April storm. Distinct proton rings are formed over a broad spatial region from noon to premidnight, associated with individual or multiple su...

Space communication systems are plagued by complexity resulting in limited access to orbiting satellites and high mission operation costs that ultimately reduce mission yields and capabilities. In particular, ground stations, the access point between space and terrestrial networks, suffer from monolithic designs, narrow interfaces, and reliability issues that raise significant engineering barri...

Low-frequency space observation is one of the developing directions in radio astronomy, as scientists try to reveal more of the universe. The Orbiting Low Frequency Array for Radio Astronomy project is aimed at developing a distributed radio telescope sensitive to ultra-long waves, by placing an array of antennas, far away from any terrestrial interference. It will consist of over 50 small sate...

Normalized difference vegetation index data from the polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration meteorological satellites from 1982 to 1999 show significant variations in photosynthetic activity and growing season length at latitudes > 35 N. Two distinct periods of increasing plant growth were apparent: 1982 to 1991 and 1992 to 1999, separated by a reduction from 1991 to 199...