We studied the timing of reproductive maturity of cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), a key pest of sweet and tart cherries in the eastern United States. To determine when cherry fruit fly females become reproductively mature in managed and natural habitats, we deployed traps in sweet and tart cherry orchards and nearby stands of the ancestral host tree, black cherry. Flies were remo...

In New York State, a large number of both native and introduced insect and mite species attack apples grown in commercial apple orchards. Control of this pest complex is particularly challenging, because unlike the more arid apple production regions on the West Coast, apple orchards in N.Y. are commonly in close proximity to semi-wooded areas having an abundance of wild apple and hawthorn speci...

In the Great Plains of North America potential evaporation exceeds precipitation during most months of the year. About 75% of the annual precipitation is received from April through September, and is accompanied by high temperatures and low relative humidity. Dryland agriculture in the Great Plains has depended on wheat production in a wheat-fallow agroecosystem (one crop year followed by a fal...

Most citrus and avocado water-use studies have been conducted in inland orchards; however, orchards located in coastal areas are subject to cooler temperatures and foggier atmospheric conditions. To develop coastal area crop coefficients (Kc values) for irrigation management, we measured orchard consumptive water use (ETc) from two different commercial orchards located near Ventura. In addition...

abstract introduction: implicit cognitions, especially attentional bias for drug-related stimuli (da), have been shown to play an important role in sustaining of, progression of, and relapsing to substance abuse behaviors. the present research tested the feasibility of attentional retraining with drug attention control training program (dactp). method: participants were a sample of in-treatment...

CT crop–fallow system in the central Great Plains (Shanahan et al., 1988; Halvorson, 1990; Peterson et al., Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (WF) using conven1993; Halvorson and Reule, 1994; Farahani et al., 1998). tional stubble mulch tillage (CT) is the predominant production practice in the central Great Plains and has resulted in high erosion potential Winter wheat yields in a WCF...

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture is conventionally cultivated followed by two to three months of summer fallow in the Loess Plateau. To develop a sustainable cropping system, we conducted a six-year field experiment to investigate the effect of leguminous green manure (LGM) instead of bare fallow on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat and the soil water balan...

There is increasing archaeological evidence that deer were being systematically cropped or “ranched” much earlier than has been previously supposed. In the Mediterranean region, fallow deer (Dama danm dama), made a sudden appearance on several islands at the same time as sheep, goats and pigs, and subsequently their bones make up 70 percent of those found at Neolithic sites between 6000 and 200...

Blowing dust from excessively tilled fallow fields is a major soil loss and air quality concern in the low precipitation (<300 mm annual) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production region of the Inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. A 2-year tillage-based winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) rotation is practiced on >90% of rainfed cropland in the region. Earlier research proved the u...

Wild deer have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). The aims of this study were (1) to compare the pattern of lesions present in wild red (Cervus elaphus) and fallow (Dama dama) deer that were naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis, and (2) to use this information to develop a sampling strategy for the isolation of M. bovis from the lymphoid tissues of the he...