abstract: in this paper, optimization of boeing 747 wing has been accomplished for cruise condition (mach number=0.85, flight altitude=35000 ft), where an optimal wing shape is proposed. objective functions are minimization of wing weight and drag force that as well as confining design parameters, two functional constrains are applied. the first functional constrain is fuel tank volume in the a...

The properties of the gas transport system in a tethered flying insect were investigated by directly measuring the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) in a wing muscle of the sweet potato hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli using a needle electrode. At rest, a distribution of PO2 corresponding to levels in the muscle and tracheal structures was observed. At the onset of tethered flight, PO2 in the muscle decr...

In vertebrate embryos, motor axons originating from a particular craniocaudal position in the neural tube innervate limb muscles derived from myoblasts of the same segmental level. We have investigated whether this relationship is important for the formation of specific nerve-muscle connections, by altering the segmental origin of muscles and examining their resulting innervation. First, by gra...

framed in a cognitive approach to task-supported l2 vocabulary learning, the present study used a pedagogical approach to investigate the relative effectiveness of tasks with different involvement loads on the vocabulary knowledge of iranian efl learners. the goal was to investigate the way that the construct of involvement load is related to the input hypothesis (krashen, 1985) and the output ...

Patterns of migratory connectivity are a vital yet poorly understood component of the ecology and evolution of migratory birds. Our ability to accurately characterize patterns of migratory connectivity is often limited by the spatial resolution of the data, but recent advances in probabilistic assignment approaches have begun pairing stable isotopes with other sources of data (e.g., genetic and...

Directional growth of π-basic oligothiophene stacks on solid substrates is achieved by self-organizing, surface-initiated disulfide exchange polymerization. Successful addition of co-axial π-acidic stacks by templated hydrazone exchange provides general access to multicomponent architectures of unique complexity.

Technology division at IWF and head of Virtual Product Creation division at IPK, I express my gratitude for the opportunity to broaden my horizon and for his friendly aid and guidance of my work. Professor Dr.-Ing. Christian Weber, chair of the Institute of Engineering Design/CAD at the Saarland University, I thank for the analysis of this dissertation and for rendering an expert opinion. Mrs. ...

Within video stateless receivers, a central server should deliver information securely to the authorized users, over a public channel, even if receivers do not update their state from session to session. This is the case of a multimedia conditional access systems based on one way broadcasting. This paper suggests a new approach to assure a secure communication in such environments. The proposed...