Acknowledgments Thanks to all who contributed ideas and comments on the paper, in particular, Don Dickerson, Norine Jewell, Kevin Osborne, and Brenda Rakama from the POLICY Project. Thanks are also due to POLICY's overseas staff who researched the situation of orphans and vulnerable children in their respective countries and completed the questionnaires that provided valuable information and in...

The artistic interpretation of the theme social orphanhood in contemporary literature for children and young people is a reaction by writers to phenomena affecting child. In this article, I explore representation Ukrainian people. note that works complement tradition depicting orphans world literature. paper goes on analyse plots about who become as result labour migration parents, define range...

South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past 10 years, from less than one percent in 1990 to twenty percent in 2001 (UNDP 2002). As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people (approximately 12 percent of the population) were living with HIV/AIDS (Stei...

BACKGROUND The Spectrum program is used to estimate key HIV indicators from the trends in incidence and prevalence estimated by the Estimation and Projection Package or the Workbook. These indicators include the number of people living with HIV, new infections, AIDS deaths, AIDS orphans, the number of adults and children needing treatment, the need for prevention of mother-to-child transmission...

A significant fraction (30-40%) of known metabolic activities is currently orphan. Although orphan activities have been biochemically characterized, we do not know a single gene responsible for these reactions in any organism. The problem of orphan activities represents one of the major challenges of modern biochemistry. We analyze the distribution of orphans across biochemical space, through y...

We examined whether orphaned and fostered children and children of HIV-infected parents are disadvantaged in schooling, nutrition, and health care. We analyzed data on 2,756 children aged 0-4 years and 4,172 children aged 6-14 years included in the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, with linked anonymous HIV testing, using multivariate logistic regression. Results indicate that orphans, ...

This study uses panel data from Cape Town to document the role played by aging parents in caring for grandchildren who lose parents due to illnesses such as AIDS. We quantify the probabilities that older adults and their adult children provide financial support to orphaned grandchildren. We find significant transfers of public and private funds to older adults caring for orphans. Perhaps becaus...

A growing body of research suggests that orphanhood and fostering might be (independently) associated with educational disadvantage in sub-Saharan Africa. However, literature on the impacts of orphanhood and fostering on school enrolment, attendance and progress produces equivocal, and often conflicting, results. This paper reports on quantitative and qualitative data from sixteen field-sites i...

We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of a cataract surgery programme at the Good Shepherd Hospital, Siteki, Swaziland, on the care of orphans and vulnerable children in Swaziland. We studied consecutive patients aged 50 years and older undergoing surgery for age-related cataract who reported having children living in their household. Of 131 subjects recruited, 65 (49.6%) were the primary c...

This paper studies the network effects of kinship-based informal insurance on fertility and child health. Using demographic data from Malawi and exploiting differences between the patrilineal and matrilineal kinship in the composition of family network groups, this paper finds that the death of an adult in an insurance network significantly reduces fertility. While we find no evidence of intrah...