Satellite-derived vegetation phenophases are frequently used to study the response of ecosystems to climate change. However, limited studies have identified the common phenological variability across different climate and vegetation zones. Using NOAA/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset, we estimated start of growing season (SOS)...

[1] Vertical structure and evolution of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM), the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of geopotential height anomalies, are constructed from the 2005–2009 Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements in the entire middle atmosphere between 316 hPa ( 9 km) and 0.001 hPa ( 90 km). This is the first report of NAM structure extending into the...

An improved index for real-time monitoring and forecast verification 7 of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) is introduced using the recently de-8 veloped nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA) technique. Using NLSA, a 9 hierarchy of Laplace-Beltrami (LB) eigenfunctions are extracted from unfiltered 10 daily rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project over the ...

We describe a method of producing high-resolution models of the Earth’s combined external and induced magnetic field (EIMF) using the method of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) applied to the SuperMAG archive of ground-based magnetometer data. EOFs partition the variance of a system into independent modes, allowing us to extract the spatiotemporal patterns of greatest dynamical importance ...

[1] The multimodal structure of the baroclinic tides in the Strait of Gibraltar is studied using observations and numerical simulations. Observational data and model results revealed the presence of two types of tidal internal waves generated over Camarinal Sill (CS). One propagates toward the Mediterranean and disintegrates into series of nonlinear short internal waves with amplitudes of 50 m ...

A statistical framework to evaluate the performance of chemistry-climate models with respect to the interaction between meteorology and column ozone during northern hemisphere mid-winter, in particularly January, is used. Different statistical diagnostics from four chemistry-climate models (E39C, ME4C, UMUCAM, ULAQ) are compared with the ERA-40 re-analysis. First, we analyse vertical coherence ...

[1] The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of snow was measured from a 32-m tower at Dome C, at latitude 75 S on the East Antarctic Plateau. These measurements were made at 96 solar zenith angles between 51 and 87 and cover wavelengths 350–2400 nm, with 3to 30-nm resolution, over the full range of viewing geometry. The BRDF at 900 nm had previously been measured at the South...

This study is designed to demonstrate use of free remote sensing data to analyze response of water resources and grassland vegetation to a climate change induced prolonged drought in a sparsely gauged semi-arid region. Water resource changes over Hulun Lake region derived from monthly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products were an...

As Earth’s most influential naturally-recurring sea and atmospheric oscillation, ENSO results in widespread changes in the climate system not only over much of the tropics and subtropics, but also in high latitudes via atmospheric teleconnections. In the present study, the linkages between springtime vegetation greenness over Eurasia and El Niño are investigated based on two long-term normalize...