Canthaxanthin (Cxn) is a fat-soluble red carotenoid pigment and is reported to be immunomodulatory. Broiler breeder hens were fed 0 ppm (Control), 6 ppm or 12 ppm Cxn to determine the effect of maternal dietary Cxn on chicks hatched from hens at 31 (Early), 45 (Mid) and 57 (Late) wk of age. Whole blood was obtained at 1 and 4 d of age to assess the number of cells able to engulf at least one Es...

The archaeology of East Africa during the last ~65,000 years plays a central role in debates about the origins and dispersal of modern humans, Homo sapiens. Despite the historical importance of the region to these discussions, reliable chronologies for the nature, tempo, and timing of human behavioral changes seen among Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological assemblages...

Wild plants in forests provide valuable living resources for rural communities. The location where local people harvest various species is important to the wise use of forest ecosystem services. Using global positioning system (GPS) tracking of harvesters’ activities as well as geographic information system (GIS) and a generalized linear model (GLM), this study analyzed the spatial differences ...

There is an expanding industry for the marketing of highvalue meats from animals other than the typical domesticated species, including, but not limited to, bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman. In this study we compared the gamma radiation resistance of a mixture of salmonellae (Salmonella dublin, S. enteritidis, S. newport, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium) and a mixture of Staphylococcus ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich (Struthio camelus). Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (GI) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by C. perfringens. Pathogenicity and lesions...

Previous studies showed differences in in vitro heterophil function between parental (A > B) broilers and F1 reciprocal crosses (D > C). Our objectives were to (1) determine if in vitro variations translate to differences in resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and (2) quantitate cytokine mRNA in heterophils from SE-infected chicks. One-day-old chicks were challenged and organs were cultur...

Abstract Present study was planned to determine variations in external and internal quality egg parameters of different avian species including ostrich Struthio camelus, ducks Anas platyrhynchos, chicken Gallus gallus, turkeys Meleagris gallopavo grey francolin Francolinus pondicerinus. All the birds were kept under similar rearing conditions. A total 150 eggs collected for each record features...

Egg yolk phospholipids from seven different species were purified (purity > 96%) using SPE columns, and subsequently the phospholipid profiles identified quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple time-of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Triple TOF-MS). Eight classes 87 molecular characterized. Principal component analysis showed that concentrat...

The study provides information on the reproductive performance of ostriches maintained at different stocking rates and male:female (M:F) ratios under intensive commercial conditions in the Little Karoo, South Africa. Breeding ostriches are concentrated on relatively small areas and through trampling have a most significant impact on the vegetation in the Little Karoo. Reproductive performance, ...

̇ ̇ Ž . Ž . We measured oxygen consumption V and carbon dioxide emission V rates, air-cell gas partial pressures of O CO 2 2 Ž . Ž . Ž oxygen P O and CO P CO , eggshell water vapour conductance and energy content of the ostrich Struthio A 2 2 A 2 ̇ . Ž . camelus egg, ‘true hatchling’ and residual yolk, and calculated RQ and total oxygen consumption V for ostrich O tot 2 ̇ eggs incubated at 36.5 C a...