With N-Version Programming, NVP, independent development teams use the same specification to generate multiple implementations. During development the design teams are kept separate and do not share their designs nor do they discuss the specification’s meaning with each other. The design teams should use different algorithms and different programming languages to produce multiple versions that ...

created in 8th century a.h., daqayeq al-she?er is one of the most important rhetoric texts has ever been written. little attentions have been paid to it due to the published unreliable correction. the present paper is going to offer, using some reliable handwritten versions, some new-found information about the author, taj al-halvani, the place it was written in, and the life and the works and ...

Let [n] = {1, . . . , n}. For a function h : [n] → {0, 1}, x ∈ [n] and y ∈ {0, 1} define by the width ωh(x, y) of h at x the largest non-negative integer a such that h(z) = y on x− a ≤ z ≤ x+ a. We consider finite VC-dimension classes of functions h constrained to have a width ωh(xi, yi) which is larger than N for all points in a sample ζ = {(xi, yi)}1 or a width no larger than N over the whole...