Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially emerging or developing countries. However, it subject little research European countries, is almost nonexistent after crisis 2008. aim work to analyze incidence intensity catastrophism derived from Spanish associated with care d...

Medicines constitute a substantial proportion of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses in Indian households. In order to address this issue, the Government of India launched the Jan Aushadhi (Medicine for the Masses) Scheme (JAS) to provide cheap generic medicines to the patients (http://janaushadhi.gov.in/about_jan_aushadhi.html). These medicines are provided through the Jan Aushadhi stores established...

PURPOSE Cancer patients carry rising burdens of health care-related out-of-pocket expenses, and a growing number of patients are considered "underinsured." Our objective was to describe experiences of insured cancer patients requesting copayment assistance and to describe the impact of health care expenses on well-being and treatment. METHODS We conducted baseline and follow-up surveys regard...

BACKGROUND Direct out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is the most inequitable way to pay for healthcare services, and this trend exposes patients and their families to backbreaking financial risks. The aim of this study was to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditures for outpatient imaging services in Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 100 use...

There is renewed interest in why people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) have worse health outcomes. No matter which measures of SES are used (income, wealth, or education), the evidence that this association is large is abundant (Marmot 1999; Smith 1999). The relation between SES and health appears also to be pervasive over time and across countries at quite different levels of economic dev...

Generic medicines are identical/ clone to an innovator or product brand name. After expiration of patent terms the product, other pharmaceutical companies usually apply drug regulatory bodies for approval market generic versions innovator's drugs. drugs in were sold under non-proprietary name Drugs and form a significant portion out pocket (OOP) expenses Indian households. In order resolve this...

background access to appropriate and affordable healthcare is needed to achieve better health outcomes in africa. however, access to healthcare remains low, especially among the poor. in zambia, poor access exists despite the policy by the government to remove user fees in all primary healthcare facilities in the public sector. the paper has two main objectives: (i) to examine the factors assoc...

 This study separates the more predictable health care expenses in retirement for older Americans (ages 65 and above) from the less predictable ones. Based on utilization patterns and expenses, doctor visits, dentist visits and usage of prescription drugs are categorized as recurring health care services. Overnight hospital stays, overnight nursing-home stays, outpatient surgery, home health c...