Persistent diarrhea (PD; duration >/=14 days) is a growing part of the global burden of diarrheal diseases. A 45-month prospective cohort study (with illness, nutritional, and microbiologic surveillance) was conducted in a shantytown in northeastern Brazil, to elucidate the epidemiology, nutritional impact, and causes of PD in early childhood (0-3 years of age). A nested case-control design was...

The article first describes characteristics of major infrastructure projects. Second, it documents a much neglected topic in economics: that ex ante estimates of costs and benefits are often very different from actual ex post costs and benefits. For large infrastructure projects the consequences are cost overruns, benefit shortfalls, and the systematic underestimation of risks. Third, implicati...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease that has profound consequences for individuals, families, and society. Despite clear glycemic control targets articulated by the major medical societies, patients and physicians still struggle to meet and maintain these goals, leading to shortfalls in delivery of care. Recent advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes seek to address these sh...

In this article we examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected non-profit organisations in Indiana United States. Data from 512 non-profits surveyed May 2020 show profound and widespread impact: curtailed or suspended programmes, efforts to deliver programmes via online phone platforms, major revenue shortfalls significant staff challenges.

The behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF) suggests that firms are motivated to increase R&D search in response profitability shortfalls—that is, R&D-based problemistic search. Although prior studies have provided considerable evidence for this influential explanation search, recent research shows it is not case transition economies. Our study sheds light on critical question Why economy (TEFs), ...

Around the world an increasing shortage of good governance seems to have taken hold. It manifests in shortfalls on Sustainable Development Goals and worsening polycrisis Anthropocene. The UN Secretary-General urged international community for more infusion scientifically authoritative models into governance, as well collaboration inclusion scientists. That goal is not easily achieved this age r...

Abstract The study of the species’ climatic niche is an excellent proxy their vulnerability to global climate change. It well known that species with greater marginality or a smaller breadth are most vulnerable However, these measures have never been contextualized regarding shortfalls in biogeography: Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls. Here based on Liolaemidae, one diverse families tetrapods, ...

BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) have acute and chronic manifestations, and can result in lifetime morbidity. Disease burden is difficult to quantify, yet quantitative evidence is required to justify large-scale deworming programmes. A recent Cochrane systematic review, which influences Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates for STH, has again called into question the evidence for ...

In this retrospective pilot study we examine the feasibility of establishing a confidential enquiry into why some patients die after emergency admission to hospital. After excluding those who died in the first hour or who were admitted for palliative care, pairs of physicians were able to collect quantitative and qualitative data on 200 consecutive deaths. Both physicians reported shortfalls of...