Protection schemes are essential in active distribution networks and microgrids’ reliable, efficient, flexible operation. However, the protection of these presents significant challenges due to operational changes, such as variations topology, distributed energy resources connection/disconnection, microgrid operating modes, among others. This paper proposes an adaptive scheme based on overcurre...

in this paper, design and application of a new digital protective relay based on fuzzy logicand value estimation to a radial power system protection was presented. a novel approach based onvalue estimation was investigated for the proposed fuzzy logic based protective relay. in addition to thetheoretical aspect of fuzzy logic, mathematical definition of value estimation, detection andmeasuremen...

This application note describes a driver solution for single winding single-phase BLDC, based on the PIC16F1613 microcontroller. The driver exploits two feedback loops: the inner loop, which is responsible for the commutation control, and the outer loop which is responsible for the speed control. The speed of the motor is referenced to an external analog voltage. Fault detection can be sensed d...

This paper presents the use of curtailment to allow more wind or solar power to be connected to a distribution network when overcurrent or overvoltage set a limit. Four case studies, all based on measurements, are presented. In all cases the hosting capacity method is used to quantify the gain in produced energy for increased levels of distributed renewable energy resources. A distinction is ma...

In this paper, our objective is maximizing total sum-rate subject to power constraints on total relay transmit power or individual relay powers, for amplify-and-forward single-antenna relay-based wireless communication networks. We derive a closed-form solution for the total power constraint optimization problem and show that the individual relay power constraints optimization problem is a quad...

in order to study the effects of cropping systems and mulch application in relay intercropped styrian pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) with chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing s...

This paper concerns power allocation in relay-assisted wireless channels for two-hop transmission. First, the transmitter sends the information to both the relay and receiver parts. Next, in the second hop, the transmitter cooperates with the relay to increase the received signal to noise ratio (SNR), assuming the relay makes use of the Amplify and Forward (AF) strategy. Moreover, it is assumed...

In this paper a overcurrent protection using concept of symmetrical component for power transformer is presented .first we review the concept of symmetrical component. Secondly we investigate how the concept of symmetrical component can be used to improve the transformer protection scheme and how it helps to discriminate the fault and non fault events. For this an algorithm and discrimination c...