Bone defects are repaired using either natural or synthetic bone grafts. Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are widely used as synthetic materials for tissue engineering. This study aimed to investigate the bone-healing capacity of PCL/PLGA/duck beak scaffold in critical bone defects and the oxidative stress status of the graft sit...

Chinese hamster ovary cells were stably transfected with rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase cDNA. As a result, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity increased 2.3-fold, an effect that was accompanied by increased S-adenosylmethionine, a depletion of ATP and NAD levels, elevation of the S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (the methylation ratio), increased DNA methylation...

In many areas of application of conventional non-degradable cross-linked polyurethanes (PUR), there is a need for their degradation under the influence of specific environmental factors. It is practiced by incorporation of sensitive to degradation compounds (usually of natural origin) into the polyurethane structure, or by mixing them with polyurethanes. Cross-linked polyurethanes (with 10 and ...

The evidence for increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prompted studies to determine if the expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is increased in ALS. Using Western analyses of postmortem tissue, we demonstrated that PARP-immunoreactivity (PARP-IR) was increased 3-fold in spinal cord tissues of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients compared with non-...

The scavenger receptors (SRs) comprise structurally and functionally divergent groups of cell surface and secreted proteins that play an important role in innate immune defenses. Searching translated chicken genomic databases revealed many proteins homologous to mammalian SRs. SR mediated immune functions (oxidative burst, degranulation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytokine ...

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP-1), a DNA nick-sensor enzyme, is an abundant nuclear protein. Upon sensing DNA breaks, PARP-1 gets activated and cleaves NAD into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter onto nuclear acceptor proteins including histones, transcription factors, and PARP-1 itself. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) mainly contributes to DNA repairing mechanism. However, oxidati...

OBJECTIVE To examine the presence of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(s) (cPARP) in ejaculated spermatozoa and determine cPARP levels following exposure to chemical or oxidative stress. DESIGN Prospective pilot study. SETTING Tertiary care academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Eight healthy men. INTERVENTION(S) Semen specimens were collected, prepared with double-density-gradient centrifugat...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by myeloid cells as a defense strategy against microorganisms. ROS however also trigger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1- (PARP-1) dependent cell death (parthanatos) in adjacent lymphocytes, which has been forwarded as a mechanism of immune escape in several forms of cancer. The present study assessed the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), i...

In Parkinson's disease (PD), loss of striatal dopaminergic (DA) terminals and degeneration of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) are associated with glial reactions. Such inflammatory processes are commonly considered an epiphenomenon of neuronal degeneration. However, there is increasing recognition of the role of neuroinflammation as an initiation factor of DA neuron degeneration. To inv...

Block copolymers offer an interesting platform to study chemically triggered transitions in self-assembled structures. We have previously reported the oxidative degradation of vesicles made of poly(propylene sulfide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPS-PEG) copolymers. Here we propose a mechanism for vesicle degradation deduced from copolymer conformational changes occurring at the air/water interface i...