We develop a novel framework for proving converse theorems channel coding, which is based on the analysis technique of multicast transmission with an additional auxiliary receiver, serves as genie to original receiver. The provides receiver certain narrowed list codewords choose from that includes transmitted one. This used derive upper bounds mismatch capacity discrete memoryless channels well...

Abstract The distribution of chemical heterogeneity beneath hotspots provides important constraints on the source magmatism and mantle convection. Chemical heterogeneities in upper produce discontinuities that can be interrogated seismically. One such discontinuity, X-discontinuity (230-350 km depth), is observed intermittently across globe, with multiple possible causal mechanisms. However, to...