To figure out the molecular mechanism of aloperine (ALO) on receptor activator nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B (κb) ligand (RANKL)-caused osteoclast differentiation. The histopathological analysis and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assays were applied to check extent bone loss femur. Then, protein expressions nitric oxide synthase 2, glutathione reductase, erythroid 2-related h...

Control of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades is central to regulation of many cellular responses. We describe here human tribbles homologues (Htrbs) that control MAPK activity. MAPK kinases interact with Trbs and regulate their steady state levels. Further, Trbs selectively regulate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases, and p38 MAPK...

OBJECTIVE Plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) may constitute an attractive cardioprotective alternative to fish-derived n-3 fatty acids. However, the effect of dietary ALA on arterial thrombus formation remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-ALA or low-ALA diet for 2 weeks. Arterial thrombus formation was delayed in mice fed a high-ALA diet compared with those...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules containing three sequentially activated protein kinases are key components of a series of vital signal transduction pathways that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death in eukaryotes from yeast to humans (Fig. 1) (Qi and Elion 2005; Raman et al. 2007; Keshet and Seger 2010). Each cascade is initiated by...

CD14-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CD14-CHO) cells, established by transfection of human CD14 DNA, acquired high responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through membrane-bound CD14 expression. LPS induced DNA synthesis and activated a series of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated pr...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades regulate a myriad of plant biological processes, including disease resistance. Plant genomes encode large number MAPK kinases (MAPKKKs) that can be divided into two subfamilies, namely MEKK-like and Raf-like kinases. Thus far, the functions MAPKKKs have been relatively well characterized, but roles in remain less understood. Here, we report role ...

Activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) by angiotensin II is an early signal transduction event that may regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and migration. Many signal transduction events stimulated by angiotensin II are mediated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. To define their roles in angiotensin II-mediated NHE-1 activity, VSMCs were treated with an...

Mnk1 and Mnk2 are protein kinases that are directly phosphorylated and activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis through their phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) at Ser209. To investigate their physiological functions, we generated mice lacking ...

Previous studies have demonstratedf that heat stress can induce injury of the central nervous system and lead to neuronal cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular changes remain unclear. In the present study, flow cytometry was used to investigate heat-stress-induced apoptosis, and caspase-3 activation was also assessed in neurons. The role of reactive oxygen ...

One of the contributors to atherogenesis is enzymatically modified LDL (eLDL). eLDL was detected in all stages aortic valve sclerosis and demonstrated trigger activation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which has been identified as a pro-inflammatory atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated influence on IL-6 IL-33 induction, also impact calcification stenosis (AS). upregu...