The etiology of osteoarthritis is multifactorial, with inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical causes. Pain in osteoarthritis is initiated by mild intra-articular inflammation and degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The principle of treatment with acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is to reduce pain and improve joint function. Recently, animal models fo...

Pain assessment in older persons with severe cognitive impairment (SCI) is a challenge due to reduced self-report capacity and lack of movement-related pain assessment instruments. The purpose of this article was to describe the development of the Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale (MOBID) and to investigate aspects of reliability and validity. MOBID is a nurse-adm...

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of variations in contextual features of a physically demanding lifting task on the judgments of others' pain. Healthy undergraduates (n=98) were asked to estimate the pain experience of chronic pain patients who were filmed while lifting canisters at different distances from their body. Of interest was whether contextual information (i.e....

results celecoxib reduced the pain behavior in both phases of the formalin test, but this antinociceptive effect was a dose-dependent manner in the late phase. rimonabant alone induced hyperalgesia as compared with the control group and pretreatment of rats with rimonabant reversed the analgesic activity of celecoxib. conclusions antinociceptive effect of celecoxib may be mediated partly throug...

While neuroimmune interactions are increasingly recognized as important in nociceptive processing, the nature and functional significance of these interactions is not well defined. There are multiple reports that the activation of spinal microglia is a critical event in the generation of neuropathic pain behaviors but the mediators of this activation remain disputed. Here we show that the chemo...

Dyspnea (shortness of breath) and pain are well-evolved warnings of important physiological derangements that may require animals to alter their behavior to survive. Dyspnea and pain are also two of the most common symptoms that bring patients to medical care, another potentially adaptive behavior. Chronic dyspnea and pain, however, cause suffering and disability in many millions of patients; t...