BACKGROUND Despite an increasing awareness regarding pain management in neonates and the availability of published guidelines for the treatment of procedural pain, preterm neonates experience pain leading to short- and long-term detrimental effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of use of analgesics in invasive procedures in neonates and the associated pain burden in this population. ME...

AIM To evaluate four different techniques of caries excavation in primary teeth in terms of efficacy, efficiency and pain experienced during the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample of 120 teeth from children aged 5 to 9 years were equally divided into 4 groups - Air rotor (group A), Carisolv (group B), Papacarie (group C) and Er:YAG laser (group D). Visual and tactile criteria along with ...

Phantom-limb pain is a common sequela of amputation, occurring in up to 80% of people who undergo the procedure. It must be differentiated from non-painful phantom phenomena, residual-limb pain, and non-painful residual-limb phenomena. Central changes seem to be a major determinant of phantom-limb pain; however, peripheral and psychological factors may contribute to it. A comprehensive model of...

Nerve capping techniques have been introduced as a promising treatment modality for the treatment of painful neuroma with varied outcomes; however, its exact mechanism is still unknown. RhoA is one of the members of the RAS superfamily of GTPases that operate as molecular switches and plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Our aim was to investigate the structural and morphol...

We report outcomes for 10 patients with persistent painful nodules of hidradenitis suppurativa treated with cryotherapy. Eight patients reported improvement and to date have had no recurrence of lesions at the treated sites. Most patients had significant pain during and after treatment. Eight patients had post-treatment ulceration, infection or both. The average number of days for the treatment...

Mammary tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity, often mimicking breast cancer or abscesses. A 26-year-old female presented with a painful left breast mass and an associated sinus tract with purulent discharge. Physical examination revealed a tender, erythematous, firm left breast mass with an associated sinus tract opening with discharge within the upper outer quadrant of her left breast with a...

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare chronic neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful necrotic ulceration. The most common diseases associated with PG are inflammatory bowel disease, certain rheumatologic and hematologic diseases, and malignancy. Here, we describe the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with pruritic and painful erythematous ulcerative macules and patches on both low...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of warming lignocaine on the pain associated with subcutaneous injection. DESIGN Double blind, randomised, crossover study. SETTING Hospital clinic. SUBJECTS 40 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Subcutaneous injection with 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 20 degrees C and 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 37 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain assessed by linear a...

Painful snapping of the scapula may have an anatomical cause but is usually idiopathic. Most patients respond well to conservative measures such as physiotherapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Surgery can be performed if conservative treatment is unsuccessful. Conservative measures are less likely to be successful if a clear anatomical cause can be found. Several surgical techniques ...

The facet joint is commonly associated with neck and low back pain and is susceptible to loading-induced injury. Although tensile loading of the cervical facet joint has been associated with inflammation and neuronal hyperexcitability, the mechanisms of joint loading-induced pain remain unknown. Altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are associated with a host of painful condit...