The pharmacokinetics of spray dried composition (1:1 PAL: K12) and pure PAL was evaluated following oral administration (0.8 mg/kg) in healthy female Sprague Dawley rats. The extent of the mean plasma exposures of PAL was 11-fold higher in animals treated with spray dried mixture of PAL, K12 (1:1) compared to animals treated with PAL. Spray drying of PAL with Plasdones, especially Plasdone K12,...

Learn-and-Optimize (LaO) is a generic surrogate based method for parameter tuning combining learning and optimization. In this paper LaO is used to tune Divide-and-Evolve (DaE), an Evolutionary Algorithm for AI Planning. The LaO framework makes it possible to learn the relation between some features describing a given instance and the optimal parameters for this instance, thus it enables to ext...

OBJECTIVE Analysing associations between adolescents' physical activity level (PAL), alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI) and sociodemographic variables and their physical quality of life (QoL). METHODS The sample consisted of 608 adolescents aged 14 to 20 who were fulltime students in public and private high schools in the municipality of Lapa, PR, southern Brazil. The variables analys...

The Tol-Pal system of gram-negative bacteria is composed of five proteins. TolA, TolQ, and TolR are inner membrane proteins, TolB is a periplasmic protein, and Pal, the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, is anchored to the outer membrane. In this study, the roles of Pal and major lipoprotein Lpp were compared in Escherichia coli. lpp and tol-pal mutations have previously been found to pertur...

Much has been written about the benefits and applications of Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) in the literature. Curriculum developers increasingly consider PAL as a vehicle to help undergraduate healthcare students learn to teach; an outcome which has received more attention in the UK since the General Medical Council stated in Tomorrow's Doctors that medical graduates must 'Be able to demonstrate...

DNAzymes have attracted increasing interest in developments of gene tools, therapies, and biosensors. Among them, G-quadruplexes are widely used as the key structure elements to activate catalytic competency specific cofactors, such hemin, but there is a great demand diversify using other more straightforward DNA structures fully matched duplex (FM-DNA). However, perfect base pairs limit DNAzym...

Sepsis is initiated by interactions between microbial products and host inflammatory cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central innate immune mediators of sepsis that recognize different components of microorganisms. Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterial outer-membrane protein that is shed by bacteria into the circulation of septic animals. We exp...

Better understanding is needed regarding the effects of exercise alone, without any imposed dietary regimens, as a single tool for body-weight regulation. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an 8-week increase in activity energy expenditure (AEE) on ad libitum energy intake (EI), body mass and composition in healthy participants with baseline physical activity levels (PAL) in line with internatio...