BACKGROUND Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (2009 H1N1) re-circulated as the predominant virus from January through February 2011 in China. National surveillance of 2009 H1N1 as a notifiable disease was maintained to monitor potential changes in disease severity from the previous season. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To describe the characteristics of hospitalized cases with 2009 H1N1 infection and a...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection presents with variable severity. However, little is known about clinical predictors of disease severity. We studied the clinical predictors of severe pandemic H1N1 pneumonia and their correlation with radiological findings. METHODS We reviewed medical and radiological records of adults with pandemic H1N1 pneumonia. After classificati...

Reports of a novel influenza virus type A (H1N1), now designated by the World Health Organization as pandemic (H1N1) 2009, emerged from the United States and Mexico in April 2009. The management of the pandemic in Australia required rapid and reliable testing of large numbers of specimens for the novel influenza strain and differentiation from seasonal influenza strains. A real-time reverse tra...

sir, at the beginning of the 21 st century, the third millennium, the pandemic flu a (h1n1) occurred. between mid march and mid april 2009, a pandemic influenza a virus emerged in mexico. [1] the disease spread very quickly in different parts of the world. it has to be said that the disease infected millions of population in different continents and killed at least 18449 people, [2] but less th...

BACKGROUND Influenza pandemics are usually caused by the re-assortment of several influenza viruses, results in the emergence of new influenza virus strains that can infect the entire population. These pandemic strains, as well as seasonal influenza viruses, are subjected to extensive antigenic change that has, so far, prevented the generation of a universal vaccine. METHODS Samples of patien...

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus subtype (H1N1) pandemic had a large impact in the United States of America (USA), causing an estimated 192,000 to 398,000 hospitalizations and 8,720 to 18,050 deaths between April 2009 and mid-March 2010. Recent research on the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has largely focused on individual, non-spatial demographic characterizations (e.g. age and race/ethnicity) associated ...

To the Editor: Infection with infl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has been reported worldwide following initial identifi cation of the virus in April 2009 (1). The groups at highest risk for infection or infl uenza-related complications include pregnant women and children (2). We report a case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection in a newborn whose mother became ill with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 during ...

BACKGROUND High rates of bacterial coinfection in autopsy data from the 2009 H1N1 influenza ("flu") pandemic suggest synergies between flu and pneumococcal disease (PD) during pandemic conditions, and highlight the importance of interventions like the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) that may mitigate the impact of a pandemic. METHODS We used a decision-analytic model, estimat...

BACKGROUND Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus was first detected in Japan in May 2009 and continued to circulate in the 2010-2011 season. This study aims to characterize human influenza viruses circulating in Japan in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods and to determine the prevalence of antiviral-resistant viruses. METHODS Respiratory specimens were collected from patients with influen...

BACKGROUND Previous exposures to flu and subsequent immune responses may impact on 2009/2010 pandemic flu vaccine responses and clinical symptoms upon infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza strain. Qualitative and quantitative differences in humoral and cellular immune responses associated with the flu vaccination in 2009/2010 (pandemic H1N1 vaccine) and natural infection have not yet ...