background esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancers are commonly lethal gastrointestinal tract (git) neoplasms, causing almost two million deaths worldwide each year. some environmental risk factors are acknowledged; however, genetic defects can significantly contribute to predisposition to git cancers. accordingly, recent works have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within m...

This review examines the dynamics of parathyroid hormone secretion in health and in various causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although most studies of parathyroid hormone and calcium have focused on the modification of parathyroid hormone secretion by serum calcium, the relationship between parathyroid hormone and serum calcium is bifunctional because parathyroid hormone also modifies se...

CONTEXT Parafibromin, encoded by HRPT2, is the first marker with significant benefit in the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. However, because parafibromin is only involved in up to 70% of parathyroid carcinomas and loss of parafibromin immunoreactivity may not be observed in all cases of HRPT2 mutation, a complementary marker is needed. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy of incr...

Tc-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitril (MIBI) scintigraphy is localizing diagnostic methods that is used for detection of sicken parathyroid gland (PT). The use of this method for PT diseases diagnosis makes surgical treatment of a patient more successful. This is a report about the patient who was surgically treated for primary hyperparathyroidism caused by hyperplasia of parathyroid glands and cance...

OBJECTIVE It is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Based on the identification of tumor suppressor gene HRPT2/CDC73 and its association with hereditary and sporadic PC, screening of gene mutations and detection of parafibromi...

Primary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is an inappropriate hyper secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Primary HPT is caused by parathyroid adenoma in 80-85% of patients. Clinical manifestations are kidney stones, abdominal groans, painful bones, psychic moans, and fatigue overtones. Ultrasonography is widely used in suspected cases for localization of parathyroid adenoma. There is considerable in...

OBJECTIVES To describe atypical ultrasound features of parathyroid lesions and correlate them with clinical presentation and histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of 264 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent ultrasound imaging prior to parathyroidectomy was performed. Patients with atypical ultrasound findings (n = 26) were identified; imaging findings w...

This study was to discuss the surgical diagnosis and treatment experience of primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical data of 19 primary hyperparathyroidism patients who were treated surgically in our department from Jan. 2005 to Jul. 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Besides, general data, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging test results, surgical procedures and postoperative follow...

Parathyroid cancers (PCas) are rare malignancies representing approximately 0.005% of all cancers. PCas are a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, which is the third most common endocrine disease, mainly related to parathyroid benign tumors. About 90% of PCas are hormonally active hypersecreting parathormone (PTH); consequently patients present with complications of severe hypercalcemia. ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinopathy, frequently caused by a parathyroid adenoma, rarely by a parathyroid carcinoma that lacks effective oncological treatment. As the majority of cases are present in postmenopausal women, oestrogen signalling has been implicated in the tumourigenesis. Oestrogen receptor beta 1 (ERB1) and ERB2 have been recently identified in parathyroid...