In Europe, secondary particulate matter (PM) comprises 50% or more of PM 2.5. To reduce PM concentrations requires lowering precursor emissions. Since the 1980s, SO(2) emissions have decreased by more than 60%, while particle concentrations have decreased less. NO(x) and NH(3) emissions have decreased slightly. The role of ammonia in particle formation is addressed here. It is shown that second...

Short-term effects of air pollution (consisting primarily of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter but with low acidity) on respiratory morbidity were studied in asthmatic children from Sokolov, Czech Republic. Eighty nine children with asthma, who recorded daily peak expiratory flow measurements, symptoms and medication use in a diary, were analysed for 7 months during the winter of 1991-1992...

An ambient particle monitoring study was conducted in Washington, D.C. during the summer of 1994 as part of the Metropolitan Acid Aerosol Characterization Study (MAACS). Acid aerosol and inhalable (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 10 micron; PM10) and fine (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 micron; PM2.5) particle samples were collected for 24-hr periods (9 A.M....

Fine particulate matter has become the premier air pollutant of Beijing in recent years, enormously impacting the environmental quality of the city and the health of the residents. Fine particles with aerodynamic diameters of 0~0.3 μm, 0.3~0.5 μm, and 0.5~1.0 μm, from the yeasr 2007 to 2012, were monitored, and the hospital data about respiratory diseases during the same period was gathered and...

Birch trees produce large amounts of highly allergenic pollen grains that are distributed by wind and impact human health by causing seasonal hay fever, pollen-related asthma, and other allergic diseases. Traditionally, pollen forecasts are based on conventional microscopic counting techniques that are labor-intensive and limited in the reliable identification of species. Molecular biological t...

this study aimed to determine the effect of land use changes from rangeland to horti-agricultural lands on the most important qualitative characteristics of soil such as total soil carbon and particulate organic matter, in salavatabad region, sanandaj. in the present study, one rangeland, two cultivated pea lands, two cultivated wheat lands and two gardens were selected in growth season in the ...

Motivated by growing considerations of the scale, severity, and risks associated with human exposure to indoor particulate matter, this work reviewed existing literature to: (i) identify state-of-the-art experimental techniques used for personal exposure assessment; (ii) compare exposure levels reported for domestic/school settings in different countries (excluding exposure to environmental tob...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the size characteristics of particulate matter (PM) generated during waste collection and sorting, and to assess the effect of the type of waste-handling activity on levels of coarse and fine PM. METHODS A portable aerosol spectrometer calibrated to 1.2 //min was used to monitor PM generated during four types of waste-handling activities. The type...

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TI Designs This TI Design provides an analog front-end (AFE) solution for measuring PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter (PM). The design detects the light scattered by particles suspended in air. A sample software algorithm is provided to convert the analog output of the design into a particle size and concentration measurement. Test res...