7.03.3 SOURCES AND DIAGENESIS OF SHOAL-WATER CARBONATE-RICH SEDIMENTS 75 7.03.3.1 Sources of Shoal-water Carbonates 75 7.03.3.1.1 General considerations 75 7.03.3.1.2 Sources of carbonate muds 76 7.03.3.1.3 Formation of carbonate sands 76 7.03.3.2 Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-water Carbonate-rich Sediments 77 7.03.3.2.1 Pore-water chemistry 77 7.03.3.2.2 Precipitation of early carbonate cem...

In this study we estimate sediment carbonate dissolution rates for sandy sea grass sediments on the Bahamas Bank using an inverse pore-water advection/diffusion/reaction model constrained by field observations. This model accounts for sea grass O2 input to these sediments, and also parameterizes pore-water advection through these permeable sediments as a nonlocal exchange process. The resulting...

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) hold great promise in the removal of organic contaminants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced AOPs react with target pollutants to initially form several intermediate compounds that finally undergo complete mineralization. Such observations are reported, especially for laboratory-scale experiments performed pure water. On other hand, while considering rea...

The influence of various polymers on the release rate of lithium carbonate from matrix-type tablets was investigated in an attempt to formulate a sustained release solid dosage form. For this purpose, tablets containing 450 mg of lithium carbonate along with various amounts of Carbopol 934P, 971P, 974P, Pemulen and Eudragit RLPO as retarding agents and inactive ingredients (e.g. PVP, Avicel or ...

The prediction of porosity is achieved by using available core and log data; however, the estimation of permeability is limited to the scare core data. Hence, porosity and saturation data through the framework of flow units can be used to make an estimation of reservoir permeability. The purpose of this study is to predict the permeability of a carbonate gas reservoir by using physical-based em...

Coralline red algae are highly abunadant and well diversified in the well exposed carbonate deposits of the Lower Pliocene Shagra Formation at Wadi Wizer, Red Sea coast, Egypt. Lithostratigraphically, the Shagra Formation unconformably overlies the Late Miocene Marsa Alam Formation and underlies the Quaternary deposits. This carbonate facies is dominated by different assemblage of coralline red...

The Utica/Point Pleasant Formations comprise a major unconventional gas resource in the Appalachian Basin. Core samples from several boreholes Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania were studied to determine mineralogy, microtexture/microfabric, accessible pore surface area, porosity size distribution as function of maturity sub-basin. This effort compares shallower, generally more phyllosilicate...

Treatment of hyperphosphataemia consists of dietary phosphorus restriction and/or dialysis and phosphate binders. Almost all dialysis patients require phosphate binders (calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, aluminium hydroxide). The use of calcium-based phosphate binders can result in chronic calcium overload, hypercalcemia and soft tissue calcification. Hypercalcemia is particularly common in p...

Both calcium-containing and noncalcium-containing phosphate binders can increase gastrointestinal calcium absorption. Previously, we observed that lanthanum carbonate administration to rats with renal failure is not associated with increased calciuria. Additionally, lanthanum carbonate treatment in dialysis patients has been associated with a less pronounced initial decrease in serum parathyroi...

The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of particulate metal emissions in the USA. The analysis will identify natural and industrial sources, environmental standards, emission trends, and controls of particulate emissions. Since the majority of airborne metal emissions originate from metal industries and electric utility facilities, environmental and worker assessments of exposure...