This report establishes the "effective noise power bandwidths" and "noise reduction factors" of a resettable integrator and of conventional passive lowpass filters. It then discusses the use of the resettable integrator with its necessary sample and hold circuit, as compared to the use of a passive lowpass filter which follows the receiver demodulator in time-division data transmission systems,...

Ceramic passive samplers or toximeters (packed with active carbon 1%, w/w, on celite), in combination with the CALUX bioassay have been used as a time-integrated monitoring technique for dissolved dioxin-like PCBs in urban and industrial wastewaters. The technique showed to be reliable during laboratory experiments: (1) PCB-126 amounts extracted from the passive samplers increased linearly with...

As tropical reserves become smaller and more isolated, the ability of species to utilize fragmented landscapes will be a key determinant of species survival. Although several ecological and life history traits commonly are associated with vulnerability to fragmentation, the combination of traits that are most highly influential and the effectiveness of those traits in predicting vulnerability a...

`Publication bias' is a relatively new statistical phenomenon that only arises when one attempts through a meta-analysis to review all studies, signiicant or insigniicant, in order to provide a total perspective on a particular issue. This has recently received some notoriety as an issue in the evaluation of the relative risk of lung cancer associated with passive smoking, following legal chall...

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BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown a higher rate of surgical site infections in hip prosthesis implantation using unidirectional airflow ventilation compared with turbulent ventilation. However, these studies did not measure the air microbial quality of operating theatres (OTs), and assumed it to be compliant with the recommended standards for this ventilation technique. AIM To evaluate air...

Copper-based epoxy and ablative antifouling painted panels were exposed in natural seawater to evaluate environmental loading parameters. In situ loading factors including initial exposure, passive leaching, and surface refreshment were measured utilizing two protocols developed by the US Navy: the dome method and the in-water hull cleaning sampling method. Cleaning techniques investigated incl...

This study evaluates the performance of Model 3300 Ogawa Passive Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Samplers and 3M 3520 Organic Vapor Monitors (OVMs) by comparing integrated passive sampling concentrations to averaged hourly NO2 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements at two sites in El Paso, TX. Sampling periods were three time intervals (3-day weekend, 4-day weekday, and 7-day weekly) for three...

Bacteriologic culturing of environmental samples taken from sources such as manure pits and egg belts has been the principal screening tool in programs for identifying commercial laying flocks that have been exposed to Salmonella enteritidis and are thus at risk to produce contaminated eggs. Because airborne dust and aerosols can carry bacteria, air sampling offers a potentially efficient and i...