With designing air pads on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer periodically as a cellular structure, a 1×2 photonic band gap (PBG) beam splitter is proposed in this article . We study the characteristics of the designed 1×2 SOI PBG beam splitter and simulate the relationship of the two output power with the launching wavelengths. We use finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) as simulation technique....

We present a simple and intriguing device that generates highly circularly polarized white light. It comprises white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) attached to a wideband cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) reflector with a wide photonic bandgap (PBG) covering the visible range. The degree of circular polarization realized is very high over the visible range. The wide PBG was realized by i...

Brainstem 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)-containing neurones modulate cardiovascular reflex responses but the differing roles of the many 5-HT receptors have not been thoroughly investigated. The present experiments on anaesthetized rats investigated the role of 5-HT3 receptors in modulating vagal afferent evoked activity of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurones. Recordings were made...

BACKGROUND Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an inherited disorder of haem synthesis wherein a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase (PBGD) with other factors may give rise to biochemical and clinical manifestations of disease. The biochemical hallmarks of active AIP are relative hepatic haem deficiency and uncontrolled up-regulation of hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) sy...

Introduction Colloidal self-assembly has been a widely explored approach for the generation of templates for photonic band gap (PBG) structures. This route possesses the advantage of being less tedious and expensive than the alternative layer-by-layer direct fabrication techniques that have been proposed. On the other hand, self-assembly routes are at a disadvantage with regard to their inheren...

In this work, the analysis and design of wideband microstrip yagi and bi-yagi antenna arrays with photonic band gap (PBG) is presented. By using the bi-yagi planar array, a high directive gain and a high front-to-back ratio are achieved in comparison with that of the single microstrip yagi structure. The current distribution, return loss, radiation pattern, and input impedance are calculated. F...

Recently, disordered photonic materials have been suggested as an alternative to periodic crystals for the formation of a complete photonic bandgap (PBG). In this article we will describe the methods for constructing and characterizing macroscopic disordered photonic structures using microwaves. The microwave regime offers the most convenient experimental sample size to build and test PBG media...

A series of IOO lead workers from different industries, 9I at work and nine admitted to hospital with lead poisoning, was studied in order to define more clearly the clinical and biochemical criteria of lead poisoning in three stages-(A) a presymptomatic state of lead exposure (37 men), (B) a state of mild symptoms or mild anaemia (45 men), and (C) frank lead poisoning with severe symptoms and ...

All natural tetrapyrroles, including hemes, chlorophylls and vitamin B12, share porphobilinogen (PBG) as a common precursor. Porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) synthesizes PBG through the asymmetric condensation of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Crystal structures of PBGS from various sources confirm the presence of two distinct binding sites for each ALA molecule, termed A and P. We ...

Modern advancements in wearable smart devices and ultra-high-speed terahertz (THz) communication systems require low cost, profile, highly efficient antenna design with high directionality to address the propagation loss at THz range. For this purpose, a novel shape, gain for frequency range applications is presented work. The proposed based on photonic bandgap (PBG)-based crystal polyimide sub...